BIOS251 W1 Lab Instructions (done)

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Capella University *

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251

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Mechanical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Week 1 Lab Instructions Organization of the Body Activity Deliverable Points Part A Activity: Anatomical Terminology 10 Part B Activity: Regions, Cavities, and Systems 10 Part C Lab Worksheet (Questions) 10 References: 1. Saladin Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function Part A Step 1: Read the Entire Lab Packet 1.0 – Read through the laboratory packet – SEE ATTACHED SHEETS Part A Step 2: Come to the Lab with Proper PPE BACKGROUND: Anatomy is the study of body structures and how they are organized, while Physiology is the study of the functions of these body structures. These two disciplines are studied together, as the direct relationship between structure and function is one of the key hallmarks of basic life processes. Location and orientation of body structures is aided by the use of anatomical position. Anatomical position indicates the body is erect with arms at the sides and palms facing forward with the feet slightly apart. This is the starting position from which we can navigate around the body. By using anatomical positioning, we can utilize directional terms such as superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial to indicate respective locations. We can also apply terms indicating a body plane such as frontal (coronal), transverse, or sagittal. In studying the basic language of anatomy, we also include regions and cavities, such as the dorsal, ventral, thoracic and abdominopelvic. Cavities contain serous membranes, as do the organs contained in the cavities. The body can be divided into quadrants or regions in which there are groups of organs, called organ systems, that work together to form different bodily functions. PURPOSE: In this lab, you will be asked to use models in the lab to practice anatomical language. You will also locate different body regions, cavities, organs, and organ systems. BIOS251 Week 1 Lab Instructions Page 1 of 11

MATERIALS:  A copy of the lab report for each member of your group  A writing utensil  Laboratory models, as assigned by your instructor PREPARATION:  Read your lab in its entirety before coming to class.  Clear your workstation of all unnecessary materials. Book bags and or purses should be hung on hooks or places at the front of class. Make sure all other unnecessary materials (coats, drink containers, unused textbooks, etc.) are all stored and placed in a safe area out of the way.  Obtain all materials listed above.  Familiarize yourself with your lab materials.  Follow the directions of the packet and as presented by your instructor.  Be aware of the instructions for documenting your lab work. You will be performing the lab in a group but will each be responsible for recording your own data and creating your own lab report. ACTIVITIES: Part A: Anatomical Terminology (10 points) With a partner or your lab group, define and provide an example of each anatomical term in the table below. Term Meaning Example Ventral In front of The breastbone is ventral to the spine Dorsal Toward the back The breastbone is anterior to the spine Anterior Toward or at the front of the body; in the front The breastbone is anterior to the spine Posterior Toward or at the back of the body; behind The heart is posterior to the breastbone Superior Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above The head is superior to the abdomen Inferior Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below The navel is inferior to the chin Medial Toward the midline Lateral Away and toward the side of the midline BIOS251 Week 1 Lab Instructions Page 2 of 11

Proximal Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attack of a limb to the body The elbow is proximal to the wrist Distal Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body The knee is distal to the thigh Ipsilateral On the same side Contralateral Pertaining to the opposite side Superficial Toward or at the body surface The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles Deep Away from the body surface; more internal The lungs are deep to the skin Part B: Locating Body Regions, Cavities, and Organs (10 points) With a partner or your lab group, locate each of the indicated regions, cavities, and organs on the torso model. Complete labeling the images below using the terms provided for each. Figure 1 BIOS251 Week 1 Lab Instructions Page 3 of 11 Transverse Plane Sagittal Plane Frontal Plane Label Figure 1 appropriately with the following terms: Sagittal plane Frontal plane Transverse plane Sagittal Plane

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Figure 2 Figure 3 BIOS251 Week 1 Lab Instructions Page 4 of 11 Transverse Plane Frontal Plane Label Figure 2 appropriately with the following terms: Sagittal plane Frontal plane Transverse plane

Locate the body cavities on the torso model. Label Figure 4 with the correct term. Figure 4 BIOS251 Week 1 Lab Instructions Page 5 of 11 Right lumbar region Left lumbar regiin Right hypochondriac region Left hypochondriac region Label the body regions in Figure 3 with the appropriate term Epigastric region Umbilical region Right inguinal region Hypogastric region Left inguinal region Left lower quadrant Right lower quadrant Left upper quadrant Right upper quadrant

Figure 5 Name the organ system shown (below each picture). In the blue boxes, list the organs within each system, and describe the basic function of each system. BIOS251 Week 1 Lab Instructions Page 6 of 11

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OBSERVATION REPORT: W1 Lab Worksheet Organization of the Body Questions section (10 pts). Read through each question on the observation report and fill in the appropriate answers. Make sure you are answering each question completely for full credit. You may use any of the provided resources (textbook, lecture materials, etc.) to accurately answer the following questions. 1. Explain the difference between a visceral membrane and a parietal membrane. (2 pts) The visceral membrane covers different organs while the parietal membrane lines the walls of the body cavity. 2. What are the terms used for the membranous linings in the following locations? (2 pts) Heart – Pericardium Lung – Pleura Abdominal or pelvic region – Peritoneum Cranial or Vertebral Cavity-Meninges 3. Name and describe the two major regions of the body (2 pts) 1.) The axial region goes down the center of the body and includes the head, neck, thoracic, abdomen, and pelvis. 2.) The appendicular region includes all of the limbs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle. 4. Explain the locations and features of the following: (2 points) Mesentery – Attached to the intestine in the abdominal wall, continuous set of tissues. Greater omentum – Located in the stomach and overly the large intestine, a four layered fold of peritoneum. Lesser omentum- Located in the liver, double layered peritoneum and extends from the curvature of the stomach. BIOS251 Week 1 Lab Instructions Page 10 of 11

5. Compare a sagittal plane to a midsagittal plane and a parasagittal plane (2 points). 1.) The sagittal plane divides the plane between unequal left and right parts. 2.) Mid sagittal plane divides into equal left and right parts. **LAB REPORT IS DUE PRIOR TO THE DUE DATE AS ASSIGNED BY YOUR PROFESSOR BIOS251 Week 1 Lab Instructions Page 11 of 11