01_Respiration Lab_Student Copy 2.docx (2)

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Apr 3, 2024

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CSD 106Respiration Lab Name____Madison Hines________________________________________ Referential Terms 1. Match the term on the left with its opposite term on the right by placing the letter of the opposite term in the blank. (.5 points each, 2.5 points total) 1. _B__Ventral A. Caudal 2. _E__Medial B. Dorsal 3._A__ Cranial/Rostral C. Posterior 4. _D__Central D. Peripheral 5. _C__Anterior E. Lateral 2. Match the term on the left with the alternative term on the right by placing the letter of the alternative term in the blank. (.5 points each, 1.5 points total) 1. _C__ Coronal A. Transverse 2. _B__ Sagittal B. Median 3. __A_ Horizontal C. Frontal 1
CSD 106Respiration Lab Name____Madison Hines________________________________________ Respiration (1 point) In your own words, describe Boyle’s Law. - Boyle’s Law is that the volume of a gas at a normal or constant temperature will vary inversely depending on the pressure that is forced upon it. At a constant temperature there is an inverse relationship between the two variables of pressure and volume. Highlight in yellow the correct names of each type of vertebra and write the corresponding number of vertebrae in the blank. (.5 points each, 2.5 points total) Condyle ___ 5 Lumbar _5__ 5 Clerical ___ 12 Sacral _5__ 1-2 Cervical _7__ 7 Thoracic _12__ 3-4 Coccygeal 3-4 6 2
CSD 106Respiration Lab Name____Madison Hines________________________________________ Label the diagram below by inserting a text box into each blank. *HINT: Complete Anatomy can help you on this assignment! (.2 points each, 3 points total) Fill in the blank or highlight in yellow the correct answer in parentheses. (.5 points each, 5 points total) 1. A transverse section through the body would separate the abdomen and the lungs into different planes. 2. A sagittal section through the body would separate the sternum and the vertebral column into different planes. 3. The sternum is (anterior/posterior) to the heart. 3
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CSD 106Respiration Lab Name____Madison Hines________________________________________ 4. The abdomen is (superior/inferior) to the lungs. 5. The vertebral column is toward the (dorsal/ventral) surface of the body. 6. The external intercostals muscles are (superficial/deep) to the internal intercostal muscles. 7. The trachea is (lateral/medial) to the bronchi. 8. The segmental (tertiary) bronchi are (proximal/distal) to the main stem bronchi. 9. The ribs are (external/internal) to the lungs. 10. Ligaments are one example of dense connective tissue. Three other examples of dense connective tissue are _________tendons_____________, _________aponeuroses _____________ and ________fascia____________________. Bone is also a special dense connective tissue. 11. In order for air to enter the lungs during inhalation, the air pressure inside the lungs needs to be (greater/less) than the air pressure out in the environment. 12. To create the above change in pressure inside the lungs, the thorax must be made (larger/ smaller). 13. In order for air to leave the lungs during exhalation, the air pressure inside the lungs needs to be (greater/less) than the air pressure out in the environment. 14. To create the above change in pressure inside the lungs, the thorax must be made (larger/smaller). 15. The cartilaginous rings of the trachea are incomplete to accommodate the esophagus, which shares a wall with this structure. 16. The tertiary bronchi continue to divide many times until the air passages end in the _______alveoli______________, where gas exchange through the lung wall with the blood stream occurs. 17. The fluid that reduces surface tension in the lungs and helps to prevent lung collapse is ___________surfactant ___________________. 18. The lungs and chest wall (ribcage) are adhered tightly, so they move together. If this seal were broken, the lungs would naturally tend to (expand/collapse), while the rib cage 4
CSD 106Respiration Lab Name____Madison Hines________________________________________ would tend to (expand/collapse). 19. Movement toward resting expiratory level, for either inhalation or exhalation, can be accomplished with (active/passive) forces. 20. Higher lung volumes would be used for (loud/soft) speech due to the need for (higher/lower) pressure. Complete Anatomy (1 point each, 5 points total) 1. Use Complete Anatomy and locate the external abdominal oblique muscle. Then use the “information” box to answer the following questions. a. This a muscle of: the anterior abdominal wall b. Origin: External surfaces and inferior borders of fifth to twelfth ribs. The external abdominal oblique muscle originates from the external surfaces and inferior borders of the anterior halves of the fifth to twelfth ribs. c. What role (action) does this muscle play for breathing ? This muscle flexes laterally and rotates the trunk, it compresses and provides structural support to adjacent abdominal structures. The bilateral contraction flexes the trunk anteriorly increasing abdominal pressure useful for breathing! 2. Use Complete Anatomy and locate the diaphragm. Then use the “information” box to answer the following questions. a. The diaphragm is the primary muscle of: inspiration b. Describe the action of the diaphragm and the role it plays (action) in respiration. The action of the diaphragm is considered one of the muscles of the thorax, it is broad, double-domed, fibromuscular structure that separates the thoracic cavity above from the abdominal cavity below. During contraction, it descends increasing thoracic volume and decreases in thoracic pressure resulting in inspiration. 5
CSD 106Respiration Lab Name____Madison Hines________________________________________ In respiration inhalation, is when the diaphragm contracts and flattens when the chest cavity enlarges. The contraction creates a vacuum and pulls air into the lungs. Exhalation is when the diaphragm relaxes and forms back to its original dome-like shape where air is out for the lungs. 6
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