Victor Adams - Assignment 2 Measurement and Terminology

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Foothill College *

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22

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Mechanical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Water Supply Technology Intro to Process Control Assignment 2 WST – 086 45 points Victor Adams Define: (10 points possible) 1. Accuracy – Amount of error that may occur when measurements are taken. 2. Range of Operation – High and low operating limits between which the device will operate correctly. 3. Linearity – An indicator of consistency of measurements over the entire range of measurements. Linearity affects the resolution over the range of operation. 4. Repeatability – It is the closeness of agreement among a number of consecutive measurements of the output for the same value of the input, under the same operating conditions. 5. Calibrate - A comparison of the particular instrument with either a primary standard, a secondary standard with a higher accuracy than the instruments to be calibrated, or an instrument of known accuracy. 6. Reliability - A measure of the probability that the instrument will continue to perform within specifications. 7. Sensitivity - Sensitivity can be defined as the ratio of a change in output to the change in input which causes it. 8. Setpoint – The ideal process variable. Setpoint refers to the value at which the Process Variable is to be maintained. It is represented in the units of the process variable and is used by the controller to determine the output process. 9. Process Variable – The specific quantity being measured in a process. Examples include pressure, level, temperature, flow, electrical conductivity, pH and speed etc. 10. Error – The difference between measured and actual values. There are various types of errors, Static Errors, Mistakes, Environmental Errors, Random Errors, and Systematic Errors. Page 1 of 3
Water Supply Technology Intro to Process Control Assignment 2 WST – 086 45 points Questions: (35 points possible) 1. What does P&ID stand for? (2 points) Process and Instrumentation Diagram. 2. Explain the disadvantage of high maintenance concerning instrumentation? (5 points) The disadvantage of high maintenance instrumentation is companies have to remove, calibrate, clean and service instrumentation, at a high cost for parts, labor and equipment downtime. Instrumentation can also fail because of a lack of preventive maintenance, often shutting down processes. 3. What does RC stand for as a P&ID Element? (2 points) Ratio Controller 4. In your own words explain the advantage of Good Sensitivity. (5 points) Good sensitivity in an instrument allows for the detection of smaller changes in the quantity being measured. This means that the instrument can provide more precise and accurate measurements, especially when dealing with low concentrations or small variations in the process variable. 5. Describe the loop number and the device described in the diagram? (3 points) The loop number in the diagram represents Temperature Indicator Control. T is for Temperature which is the measured variable. I is for Indicator, which is the modifier and C is for Control, which is also a modifier. 5126 is the identifying number, within the control loop. The instrument symbol is a circle which represents discrete instruments with a shared display or control. 6. Draw a discrete instrument In an Auxiliary Location that is behind the panel or inaccessible to the operator and denotes a flow transmitter with a loop number of 300? (8 points) Page 2 of 3 TIC 5126
Water Supply Technology Intro to Process Control Assignment 2 WST – 086 45 points 7. Explain the advantage of Cost? (5 points) In selecting field elements, costs of the equipment are a selection consideration. When a company can produce a product or provide a service at a lower cost than its competitors it has a cost advantage. 8. Explain the disadvantage of Shock and Vibration? (5 points) When shock and vibration is not acceptable, it must be controlled through mitigation, which includes the integration of special hardware including shock absorbers, dampers, vibration isolators, shock isolators, shock transmission units, etc. Which Page 3 of 3
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