Victor Adams - Assignment 2 Measurement and Terminology
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Water Supply Technology Intro to Process Control Assignment 2
WST – 086
45 points
Victor Adams
Define: (10 points possible)
1.
Accuracy – Amount of error that may occur when measurements are taken.
2.
Range of Operation – High and low operating limits between which the device will operate correctly.
3.
Linearity – An indicator of consistency of measurements over the entire range of measurements. Linearity affects the resolution over the range of operation.
4.
Repeatability – It is the closeness of agreement among a number of consecutive measurements
of the output for the same value of the input, under the same operating conditions.
5.
Calibrate - A comparison of the particular instrument with either a primary standard, a secondary standard with a higher accuracy than the instruments to be calibrated, or an instrument of known accuracy.
6.
Reliability - A measure of the probability that the instrument will continue to perform within specifications.
7.
Sensitivity - Sensitivity can be defined as the ratio of a change in output to the change in input which causes it.
8.
Setpoint – The ideal process variable. Setpoint refers to the value at which the Process Variable is to be maintained. It is represented in the units of the process variable and is used by the controller to determine the output process.
9.
Process Variable – The specific quantity being measured in a process. Examples include pressure, level, temperature, flow, electrical conductivity, pH and speed etc.
10.
Error – The difference between measured and actual values. There are various types of errors, Static Errors, Mistakes, Environmental Errors, Random Errors, and Systematic Errors.
Page 1
of 3
Water Supply Technology Intro to Process Control Assignment 2
WST – 086
45 points
Questions: (35 points possible)
1.
What does P&ID stand for? (2 points)
Process and Instrumentation Diagram.
2.
Explain the disadvantage of high maintenance concerning instrumentation? (5 points)
The disadvantage of high maintenance instrumentation is companies have to remove, calibrate, clean and service instrumentation, at a high cost for parts, labor and equipment downtime. Instrumentation can also fail because of a lack of preventive maintenance, often shutting down processes. 3.
What does RC stand for as a P&ID Element? (2 points)
Ratio Controller
4.
In your own words explain the advantage of Good Sensitivity. (5 points)
Good sensitivity in an instrument allows for the detection of smaller changes in the quantity being measured. This means that the instrument can provide more precise and accurate measurements, especially when dealing with low concentrations or small variations in the process variable.
5.
Describe the loop number and the device described in the diagram? (3 points)
The loop number in the diagram represents Temperature Indicator Control. T is for Temperature which is the measured variable. I is for Indicator, which is the modifier and C is for Control, which is also a modifier. 5126 is the identifying number, within the control loop. The instrument symbol is a circle which represents discrete instruments with a shared display or control.
6.
Draw a discrete instrument In an Auxiliary Location that is behind the panel or inaccessible to the operator and denotes a flow transmitter with a loop number of 300? (8 points)
Page 2
of 3
TIC
5126
Water Supply Technology Intro to Process Control Assignment 2
WST – 086
45 points
7.
Explain the advantage of Cost? (5 points)
In selecting field elements, costs of the equipment are a selection consideration. When a company can produce a product or provide a service at a lower cost than its competitors it has a
cost advantage.
8.
Explain the disadvantage of Shock and Vibration? (5 points)
When shock and vibration is not acceptable, it must be controlled through mitigation, which includes the integration of special hardware including shock absorbers, dampers, vibration isolators, shock isolators, shock transmission units, etc. Which Page 3
of 3
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Chapter 3:
13. What type of geometric tolerance has no datum features?
14. A theoretically exact dimension is called a
15. The
feature symbol specifies that a group of two or more interrupted features of size are to be considered one single feature of size.
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17. What is the name of the symbol used to identify physical features of a part as a datum feature and must not be applied to centerlines, center planes, or axes?
18. The
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19. The total positional tolerance equals the sum of the
tolerance and the
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I can't find the symbols for the blank ones
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Problem 3:
Insulation
To=1
Toowwww
Steam
Tx2
T₂ T3
www www
R₁ R₁ R₂
www.T
R₂
Steam at T1 = 320 °C flows in a cast iron pipe (k= 80 W/m. °C) whose inner and outer diameters are
5 cm = 0.05 m and D₂ = 5.5 cm = 0.055 m, respectively. The pipe is covered with 3-cm-thick glass wool
insulation with k = 0.05 W/m. °C. Heat is lost to surroundings at T2 = 5 °C by natural convection and
radiation, with a combined heat transfer coefficient of h₂ = 18 W/m². °C. Taking the heat transfer coefficient
inside the pipe to be h₁ = 60 W/m². °C, determine the temperature drops across the pipe and the insulation.
The determination is based on a unit length of the pipe (L = 1 m).
Assumptions
1. Heat transfer is one-dimensional since there is no indication of any change with time.
2.
Heat transfer is one-dimensional since there is thermal symmetry about the centreline and no
variation in the axial direction.
3. Thermal conductivities are constant.
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Magnitude ratio M(Go)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.05
I
0.1
= 10.0
I
0.20
5.0
0.5
w/wn
2.0
H
1.0
{=0
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.707
1.0
2.0
3.0
+6
+3
0
-3
do d
Decibels (dB)
-10
-15
Resonance
band
Transmission
band
Filter
band
Phase shift [°] +(6)
0
-20
-40H
-60
-80
-100-
-120-
-140
-160
-180
0.05
0.10
10.0
0.20
0.50
(=0
1.0
10.0
5.0
2.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.4
= 0.3
I
2.0
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du/webapps/assessment/take/launch.jsp?course_assessment_id%=_254968_1&course_id%3D 3565256_1&content id= 52826
* Question Completion Status:
Attach File
Browse Local Files
Browse Content Collection
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Туре К
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