pulmonary F 2

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University of Notre Dame *

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Mechanical Engineering

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Apr 3, 2024

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Lesson 13 PULMONARY FUNCTION II Pulmonary Flow Rates  Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV 1,2,3 )  Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) DATA REPORT Student’s Name: Anthony Malone, Hailey Schenkweiler, Anne Marie Elie, Erin Plummer, Joseph Kim, Rohan Talluri, Sophie Ferreira, Raina Hemmings Lab Section: L03 Date: 3/21/2024 I. Data and Calculations Subject Profile Name: Erin Plummer Height: 4’11 Age: 21 Weight: 115 Gender: Male / Female A. Vital Capacity (VC) CH 1 p-p measurement: _2.08042 Liters_______________ B. Comparison of FEV X % to Normal Values Table 13.2 Time Interval (sec) Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV) [p-p] Vital Capacity (VC) from A FEV/VC calculate (FEV/VC) x 100 = % calculate = FEV x Averages for reference 0-1 0.56743 liters 2.08042 Liters 0.27275 27.27 % FEV 1 83%

0-2 1.11538 liters 2.08042 Liters 0.53613 53.61 % FEV 2 94% 0-3 1.320 2.08042 Liters 0.63449 63.45 % FEV 3 97% C. MVV Measurements (Note, all volume measurements are in liters) 1. Number of cycles in 12-second interval: __10____ 2. Calculate the number of respiratory cycles per minute (RR): RR = Cycles/min = Number of cycles in 12-second interval x 5 Number of cycles in 12-second interval (from above): __ 10____ x 5 = __50 ____ cycles/min 3. Measure each cycle Complete Table 13.3 with a measurement for each individual cycle. If the Subject had only 5 complete cycles/12-sec period, then only fill in the volumes for 5 cycles. If there is an incomplete cycle, do not record it. (The Table may have more cycles than you need.) Table 13.3 Cycle Number Measurement [CH 2 p-p] Cycle 1 0.91489 L Cycle 2 0.73775 L Cycle 3 0.58533 L Cycle 4 0.56870 L Cycle 5 0.62427 L Cycle 6 0.62557 L Cycle 7 0.52610 L Cycle 8 0.53164 L Cycle 9 0.57869 L Cycle 10 — Cycle 11 — Cycle 12 — Cycle 13 — Cycle 14 — Cycle 15 — 4. Calculate the average volume per cycle (AVPC): Add the volumes of all counted cycles from Table 13.3. Sum = ____5.69294____________ liters Divide the above sum by the number of counted cycles. The answer is the average volume per cycle (AVPC) AVPC = __5.69294_____ / ______10______________ = ____.569294________________liters

Sum # of counted cycles 5. Calculate the MVV est Muliply the AVPC by the number of respiratory cycles per minute (RR) as calculated earlier. MVV = AVPC x RR = __.569294_____ x __50_______ = _____28.4647_____________liters/min AVPC RR II. Questions D. Define Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV). Measure of how much air a person can exhale during a forced breath. E. How do the Subject’s FEVx values compare to the average per Table 13.2? FEV 1 less than same as greater than FEV 2 less than same as greater than FEV 3 less than same as greater than F. Is it possible for a Subject to have a vital capacity (single stage) within normal range but a value for FEV 1 below normal range? Explain your answer. Yes it is possible, people with different respiratory issues like asthma that cannot exhale a “normal” amount but still have a normal range when breathing normally. G. Define Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (MVV). Maximal Voluntary Ventilation is a person's maximum breathing capacity. It measures the peak of the lungs and muscles. It is the capacity of air moved through in one minute while hyperventilating.

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H. How does the Subject’s MVV compare to others in the class? less than same asgreater than I. Maximal voluntary ventilation decreases with age. Why? Maximal voluntary ventilation decreases with age because people of old age are more likely to have a less stronger heart and are more vulnerable to pulmonary-related diseases as the body overall naturally weakens with age. In addition, the elasticity of the lungs would increase and thus, inflation of the lungs is not as efficient compared to patients who are young which would have an effect the flow of oxygen and the volume. J. Asthmatics tend to have their smaller airways narrowed by smooth muscle constriction, thickening of the walls, and mucous secretion. How would this affect vital capacity, FEV1, and MVV? When it comes to the effects that this would have on vital capacity, FEV1, and MVV, MVV and FEV1 would decrease because of the constriction of smooth muscle and the heavy secretion of mucus. On the other hand, vital capacity would remain the same. Essentially, this would result in an increase in the resistance within the airways and decreases in diameter in the airways. K. Bronchodilator drugs open up airways and clear mucus. How would this affect the FEV and MVV measurements? This would help stabilize FEV and MVV by causing increases in these aspects since this would cause an opening within the airways. In addition, this would also clear up the concentration of mucus present the possible resistance within the airways is relieved. L. Would a smaller person tend to have less or more vital capacity than a larger person? Less More

M. How would an asthmatic person’s measurement of FEV 1 and MVV compare to an athlete? Explain your answer. When it comes to athletes, measurements of FEV1 and MVV tend to be higher than an asthmatic person because they have stronger lungs than asthmatic patients. Furthermore, unlike asthmatic patients, athletes are able to exert larger amounts of oxygen whereas asthmatic patients exert very little amounts.