Experiment 5

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School

Florida Institute of Technology *

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Course

3064

Subject

Mechanical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

2

Uploaded by CorporalKudu1744

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Experiment 5 Vortex flow, as the name suggests, refers to fluid motion that revolves or spins around an axis, usually an imaginary line. Vortices are integral to the behavior of fluids and can be observed in many natural phenomena, ranging from the swirling of water down a drain to the formation of tornadoes and hurricanes. This section will delve into the theoretical concepts that underlie vortex flow, its origin, dynamics, and significance in fluid mechanics. 1. Basic Concepts Vortex Filament: This is an imaginary line around which the fluid is rotating. The strength of the vortex filament is measured by its circulation, which is defined as the line integral of the velocity around a closed loop surrounding the filament. Circulation (Γ): It quantifies the rotation in fluid flow. Mathematically, it is defined as: Γ= �� Γ= v d r Where v is the velocity vector of the fluid and dr is a differential element of a closed curve. 2. Origin of Vortex Flow Vortex flow can be triggered by a myriad of factors. Fluid boundary interactions, instabilities in the flow, external forces, or disturbances can lead to vortex generation. In real-world scenarios, the combination of these factors often culminates in the formation of vortices. 3. Types of Vortices Free Vortex: The fluid motion is solely due to its initial conditions, and no external force or torque acts on the fluid particles. In a free vortex, the tangential velocity varies inversely with the distance from the center. Forced Vortex: Arises when an external torque is applied to the fluid, forcing it to rotate. The tangential velocity in a forced vortex is directly proportional to the distance from the center. 4. Vortex Dynamics The behavior and motion of vortex flow can be explained using the vorticity concept. Vorticity is a vector field representing local rotation in the fluid. The evolution of vorticity is described by the vorticity transport equation, which
captures the balance between vortex stretching, tilting, diffusion, and baroclinic torque. 5. Significance in Fluid Mechanics Boundary Layer Separation: Vortices play a crucial role in boundary layer theory. When a fluid flows over a surface, the boundary layer's separation can lead to vortex shedding, as observed in the flow past bluff bodies like cylinders or spheres. Aerodynamics: In aviation, wingtip vortices emerge due to pressure
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