Lab_exercise kinetics_spring2023

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Brigham Young University, Idaho *

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415

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Mechanical Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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(20 Points Total) Lab: 1Exercise Kinetics INTRODUCTION Various linear and angular kinetic factors have an effect on expression of strength. The purpose of this lab is to measure and evaluate various linear and angular kinetic factors of selected exercises. For this lab, students will 1) compare anthropometric advantages and disadvantages in the expression of muscular strength, 2) identify exercises which may be a valid test of muscular strength and muscular endurance of specific areas, and 3) measure factors that influence internal and external torque during various exercise. Specifically, this research experiment will answer three important questions: 1) How does muscle force, resistive force, and torque change when push-up position changes? 2) How does the force of the muscle and corresponding muscular moment arm compare to the resistive force and corresponding resistive moment arm during a knee extension exercise? METHODS With a partner, participate in the following 2 exercises. Each subject will need to determine their body weight to the nearest one-half pound. Upon completion of the exercises, complete the tables and perform the necessary calculations. EXERCISES Push-up 1. Assume a regular push-up position (toe-supported) with the hands and toes squarely on the force platforms. The shoulders should be flexed perpendicular to the platform. 2. Record the force (F m ) applied by the hands to the nearest one-half pound on the data sheet labeled push-up (regular). Measure the perpendicular distance in inches from the toes to the navel (CG) and from the toes to the hands. Convert inches to meters and record these measures as the length of the resistance arm (RA) and the length of the force arm (FA ), respectively. 3. Next, assume a modified push-up position (knee supported) and record F m , RA, and FA on the data sheet labeled push-up (modified). 4. Perform the necessary calculations to determine the Force Torque (FTorque = F m x FA). Then calculate the Resistance (R) Force (R = RTorque ÷ RA) for each push-up position. 5. Calculate how much easier the modified push-up is than the regular push-up. See worksheet. Leg extension 1. Assume a proper sitting position on the leg extension machine (with back against the rest and the knee joint aligned with the axis of the resistance arm). 2. Find the maximum resistance (or at least a heavy load) that can be extended in one repetition by experimentation with different loads. 3. Determine the length of the force arm (FA) in meters. This is the distance from the center of the knee joint to the tibial tuberosity (you are measuring the patellar tendon).
(20 Points Total) Record this information on data sheet labeled leg extension. 4. Determine the length of the resistance arm (RA) in meters. This is the distance from the center of the knee joint to the point of resistance being applied to the lower leg. Record on the data sheet. 5. Determine the amount of resistance (R) in pounds. Convert the pounds to Newtons. Record on the data sheet. 6. Calculate your maximal leg extension force and record muscular force (F) in Newtons. RESULTS What is your answer to the two research questions? (Use at least one graph per research question to support your answer) DISCUSSION 1. Using vector analysis of biceps force, compare the rotary and stabilizing components at the start, in the middle, and at the finish of the pull-up. 2. If a push-up had been performed, which position would be easier? Why? Also, explain why the Force you apply in the push up is less than your total body weight. Include the mechanical advantage of levers in your explanation. 3. During a push-up, what type of lever does the triceps brachii create at the elbow joint? Which of the functions of levers does this muscle utilize? 4. Explain the relationship between mechanical advantage of the knee extensors and the amount of tension developed in this muscle group compared to the amount of resistive force in the leg extension exercise (examining the data or a graph you built may be helpful). 5. Is it advantageous to have long arms in the pull-up and in a push-up and long legs in the leg extension? Why or why not?
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