Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame

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Dec 6, 2023

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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame In this tutorial, you learn how to model a basic 3D steel structure. The final version of the project is shown below. Tasks List: 1. Model a 3-D Frame 2. Define Loads 3. Run analysis and explore results
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Task 1: Model a 3-D frame Set preference 1. Set preference, make sure the region setting is United States 2. Make sure you use imperial units Add sections 1. In this example, we are going to use W12X96, HP 10X42, HP 12X63, and LP 2x2x0.1875 2. If the section specified above are not available in the list, you need add new sections 3. Make sure you choose AISC 15.0 database. Make sure the material is steel A36 Define the structure 1. In the Standard toolbar, expand the Layouts drop-down menu and select Bars as shown below: The layout is divided in three parts: View, Bars dialog and Bars table. 2. At the bottom of the drawing area, expand the list of views, and then select the YZ view.
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 3. In the Bars dialog, set the Bar type to Column and set the Section to W 12x96 . 4. To create the first column, enter the Node coordinates in the Beginning and End boxes as follows: a. Beginning: (0.00, 0.00, 0.00) , Important: The coordinates syntax depends on your regional Windows format. In this tutorial we use the English (United States) format. If you want to change your Windows format, click: Start Control Panel Region and Language Format . b. End: (0.00, 0.00, 12.00) . 5. Click Add .
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame The column displays in the drawing area. 6. Repeat this process to add the second column, with the following coordinates: a. Beginning: (0.00, 20.00, 0.00) , b. End: (0.00, 20.00, 12.00) . 7. Click Add . The second column displays in the drawing area. 8. Click ( View Zoom Zoom All ) to better visualize the defined columns. 9. To create the first beam, go to the Bars dialog, and then set the Bar Type to Beam , and the Section to HP 10x42 . 10. Enter the beam's coordinates, in the Beginning and End boxes as follows: a. Beginning: (0.00, 0.00, 12.00) , b. End: (0.00, 20.00, 12.00) .
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Alternatively, place your cursor in the Beginning box, and then click the nodes 2 and 4 in the drawing area. 11. Click Add . The beam displays in the drawing area. 12. To create the first bracing, go to the Bars dialog, and then set the Bar type to Simple bar , and the Section to LP 2x2x0.1875 . 13. Enter the bracing's coordinates, in the Beginning and End boxes as follows: a. Beginning: (0.00, 0.00, 0.00) , b. End: (0.00, 20.00, 12.00) . Alternatively, place your cursor in the Beginning box, and then click the nodes 1 and 4 in the drawing area. 14. Click Add . The first bracing displays in the drawing area.
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 15. Repeat this process for the second bracing with the following coordinates: a. Beginning: (0.00, 0.00, 12.00) , b. End: (0.00, 20.00, 0.00) . Alternatively, place your cursor in the Beginning box, and then click the nodes 2 and 3 in the drawing area. 16. Click Add . The second bracing displays in the drawing area.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Define Support 1. In the Standard toolbar, expand the Layouts drop-down menu and select Supports . The layout is divided in three parts: View, Supports dialog and Supports table. 2. Click Fixed from the list in the Supports dialog. 3. Place the cursor in the Current selection box, and then select the lower column nodes in the drawing area. To easily select all the lower column nodes, click and hold the left mouse button while you draw a rectangle around the nodes 1 and 3 . 4. Click Apply . Copy Existing 2-D Frame 1. In the Standard toolbar, expand the Layouts drop-down menu and select Start as shown below .
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame The layout updates to its initial state. 2. At the bottom of the drawing area, expand the list of views, and then select the 3D view. The frame is displayed as shown below:
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Note: If you don't see the bars and nodes numbers, click and at the bottom left of the drawing area to display them. 3. Click ( Geometry Properties Sections ). The Section dialog opens. 4. Select the HP 12x63 section. We will use this type of section to add new beams which will be created automatically during copying. 5. Click Close . 6. In the Node Selection box of the Selection toolbar, enter the beam's node numbers separated by a space as follows: " 2 4 ", and then press Enter . Selected nodes are highlighted in green. 7. In the Bar Selection box of the Selection toolbar, enter the columns' and beam's numbers separated by a space as follows: " 1 2 3 ", and then press Enter . Selected bars and nodes are highlighted on the screen as shown below.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 8. Click Edit Edit Move/Copy… The Translation dialog opens. 9. In the Translation dialog: Enter " 20, 0, 0 " in the Translation vector box, Select the Drag option in order to create additional linking elements between the existing nodes and the new nodes created during copying, Enter 2 in the Number of repetitions box. 10. Click Execute and close the Translation dialog. 11. Click ( View Zoom Zoom All ) to display the whole structure. The 3D frame structure is displayed.
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Note: In this structure, beams number 6, 7, 11 and 12 were created automatically by the Drag option. 12. In the drawing area, select the bracing's number 4 and 5 . To do this, select a bracing, then hold the Ctrl key and select the other bracing. Selected bracings are highlighted as shown below.
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 13. Click Edit Edit Move/Copy… The Translation dialog opens. 14. In the Translation dialog: Enter " 40, 0, 0 " in the Translation vector box, Enter 1 in the Number of repetitions box.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 15. Click Execute , and then close the Translation dialog. The structure looks as follows:
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 16. Click in the drawing area to deselect the bracing's number 16 and 17 .
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Task 2 Define Loads Define Load Case 1. In the Standard toolbar, expand the Layouts drop-down menu and select Loads as shown below: The layout is divided in three parts: View , Load Types dialog, and Loads Case table. 2. By default, the Load Types dialog contains the necessary information in order to create a dead load. Click Add to accept the default and define a dead load with the standard name DL1 . The DL1 load is added to the list of defined cases (see image in step 6), and a new row is created in the Loads - Case table. 3. Select wind from the Nature list, and then click Add to define a wind load. The WIND1 load is added to the list of defined cases. 4. Repeat step 4 to create a second wind load with the name WIND2 . 5. Select live from the Nature list, and then click Add to define a live load. The LL1 load is added to the list of defined cases and all loads are now ready to be applied on the structure.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Apply Loads 1. In the Cases Selection box of the Selection toolbar, expand the Cases drop-down menu and select 2: WIND1 . 2. Click ( Loads Load Definition... ). The Load Definition dialog opens. 3. In the Node tab, click (Nodal force). The Nodal Force dialog opens. 4. Type value of load 50 in the FX box, and then click Add .
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 5. Place the cursor in the Apply to field, and type " 2 4 " to select the nodes on which you want to apply a nodal force load. Alternatively, go to the drawing area, and hold the Ctrl key to select nodes with numbers 2 and 4 . 6. Click Apply . The WIND1 load appears in the drawing area and in the Loads - Case table. 7. Click ( Load value descriptions ) at the bottom of the drawing area to display the descriptions of loads values.
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 8. In the Cases Selection box of the Selection toolbar, expand the Cases drop-down menu and select 3: WIND2 . 9. Go to the Bar tab, and click (Uniform load). The Uniform Load dialog opens. 10. Type value of load -10 in the PX box, and then click Add .
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 11. Place cursor in the Apply to field, and type " 13 14 " to select columns to which a uniform load will be applied. Alternatively, go to the drawing area, and hold the Ctrl key to select columns with numbers 13 and 14 . 12. Click Apply . The WIND2 load appears in the drawing area and in the Loads - Case table. 13. In the Cases Selection box of the Selection toolbar, expand the Cases drop-down menu and select 4: LL1 . 14. In the Bar tab, click (Uniform load). The Uniform Load dialog opens. 15. Clear PX box, and then type value of load -2 in the PZ box, and then click Add .
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 16. Place cursor in the Apply to field, and type " 6 7 11 12 " to select columns to which a uniform load will be applied. Alternatively, go to the drawing area, and hold the Ctrl key to select columns with numbers 6 , 7 , 11 and 12 . 17. Click Apply and close Load Definition dialog. The LL1 load appears in the drawing area and in the Loads - Case table. 18. In the Cases Selection box of the Selection toolbar, expand the Cases drop-down menu and select Simple Cases . 19. All defined loads shown below:
CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Note: You can use the Loads - Cases table to modify the defined loads. You can change for example the loads types, list of elements which loads are applied and values of these loads. You can also use this table to add new loads to the structure. Generate a Load Combination 1. Click Loads Manual Combinations… The Combination Definition/Modification dialog opens. 2. Keep the default values for the Combination number , Combination type , and Combination name .
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 3. Click OK . The Combinations dialog opens. 4. Click Factor definition. The Combination Factors dialog opens. 5. Select the live nature, enter 1.45 in the Factor box, and then click Change . 6. Close the Combination Factors dialog. 7. In the Combinations dialog, click to transfer all defined load cases from the left panel to the list of cases in combination in the right panel.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 8. Click Apply , and then click Close . The load combination COMB1 is added to the list of defined load cases.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Task 3 Run analysis and explore results Run a Calculation 1. Click ( Analysis Calculations ). The calculation process starts. The Calculations dialog shows the advancement of the process, which depends on the size of the project being analyzed. 2. Once the calculations are complete the information: Results (FEM): available is displayed: At the top of the program (see image 1 below), At the bottom of the program (see image 2 below). Display beam results graphically 1. In the Standard toolbar, expand the Layouts drop-down menu and select Results as shown below: The layout is divided in three parts: View , Diagrams dialog, and Reactions in the coordinate system table.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 2. Click in the drawing area to deselect the beam number 6 , 7 , 11 , and 12 . 3. In the Cases Selection box of the Selection toolbar, expand the Cases drop-down menu and select 4: LL1 as shown below: 4. Go to the NTM tab of the Diagrams dialog, select MY Moment , and click Normalize . Note: Click Normalize to scale the values of the selected type of diagram automatically. 5. To display numerical values of internal forces, go to the Parameters tab. Tip: You can access the Parameters tab without having to scroll through the tabs. Place the mouse cursor over the arrow near the top left corner of the dialog to display the list of tabs.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 6. In the Parameters tab, set the Diagram description to labels , and then select Global extremes from the Values drop-down menu . 7. Click Apply . 8. The view displays the bending moment diagrams for all beams as shown below.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 9. Go to the NTM tab of the Diagrams dialog, deselect MY Moment , and click Apply . Display results on bars in tabular form 1. n the Standard toolbar, expand the Layouts drop-down menu and select Results as shown below: The layout is divided in three parts: View, Diagrams dialog and Reactions in the coordinate system table. 2. Click View Tables .
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Alternatively, right-click in the View-Cases window, and then click Tables from the context menu. The Tables: Data and Results dialog opens. 3. Select Forces , and then click OK. Alternatively, click (Forces - Table) in the Structure Model toolbar on the right side of the program. The Forces table opens and displays information about internal forces. Tabs are available at the bottom of the table, allowing you to visualize information on Values, Envelope, and Global Extremes data. 4. In the Cases Selection box of the Selection toolbar, expand the Cases drop-down menu and select 5: COMB1 . The table updates and presents the results for the COMB1 case. 5. In the Forces table, double-click the FX column header to sort the forces from the maximum to the minimum values.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 6. Click View Tables . Alternatively, right-click in the View-Cases window, and then click Tables from the context menu. The Tables: Data and Results dialog opens. 7. Select Nodal Displacements , and then click OK. Alternatively, click (Displacements) in the Structure Model toolbar on the right side of the program. 8. Right-click in the Displacements table, and then click Table Columns from the context menu.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 9. In the Nodal value selection dialog: Go to the Displacement tab, and select U - total displacements , Go to the General tab, and then select Coordinates from the Element data selection group. 10. Click OK . Four new columns are added to the Displacements table (as shown in the image below). 11. In the Displacements table, go to the Global extremes tab located at the bottom of the table. 12. Close the Displacements and Forces tables. Stress Analysis 1. In the Standard toolbar, expand the Layouts drop-down menu and select Stress Analysis - structure as shown below:
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame The layout is divided in three parts: View , Stress Analysis - Structure dialog, and Stress Analysis - Structure table. 2. In the Cases Selection box of the Selection toolbar, expand the Cases drop-down menu and select 2: WIND1 . 3. Click ( Section shapes ) at the bottom left of the drawing area to display section shapes for all the structure members. 4. In the Stress Analysis - Structure dialog: Go to the Diagrams tab, and then select Max in the Mises group, Go to the Parameters tab, and then select Filled in the Filling group. 5. Click Apply . A dialog appears showing the Calculation progress. When the calculations are finished the stress values are displayed graphically in the drawing area.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Note: The Stress Analysis - Structure dialog allows you to select a user-defined stress and a set of basic stress types such as normal, tangent, Mises and Tresca. 6. Go to the Maps - Deformation tab, select Deformation , and then click Apply . Select this option to display stress maps graphically on the deformed structure.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame 7. Click ( Results Stress Analysis Stress Maps ). An additional window opens and displays the structure with section shapes and accurate detailed stress maps, as shown below.
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CIVE 426 Structural Steel Design Lab 2 Model a 3-D Frame Tip: The size of member sections in stress maps is by default greater than the real size of the member sections so that the stress maps presented for these sections are more readable. Press the Home key on your keyboard to get real proportions between the member length and dimensions of the member cross section. You can also press the PgUp and PgDn keys to modify these proportions. 8. Close the Stress Analysis - structure (3D View) window. 9. In the Stress Analysis - Structure dialog, go to the Diagrams tab, and then deselect Max in the Mises and User-defined group. 10. Click Apply .
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