Geotech Lab Report #6

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School

Austin Community College District *

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Course

3121

Subject

Mechanical Engineering

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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docx

Pages

15

Uploaded by JusticeGoldfinchMaster145

Report
HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY CE-3121-303 (T) Laboratory Number: 06 Report Number: 06 Group #1 Group Members (Alphabetical Order) Ryan Garcia Anthony Hellen Ashton Howell Jackson Still Instructors: Dr. Hoyoung Seo Mahram Rajabi Jorshari Date of Test Performed: 10/24/2023 Date of Report Submission: 10/31/2023
Table of Contents TEAM MEMBER CONTRIBUTION: .............................................................................................................. 3 PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: .................................................................................................................................. 4 PROCEDURE: .................................................................................................................................................. 4 TABLE OF RESULTS: ...................................................................................................................................... 6 FIGURES: ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 SAMPLE CALCULATIONS: .......................................................................................................................... 10 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS: .......................................................................................................................... 11 APPENDIX: ORIGINAL DATA SHEETS ....................................................................................................... 12 List of Figures F IGURE 1: I MAGE OF PERMEAMETER ...................................................................................................................................... 7 F IGURE 2: I MAGE 2 OF P ERMEAMETER ............................................................................................................................... 7 F IGURE 3: S CHEMATICS OF PERMEAMETER ............................................................................................................................ 7 F IGURE 4: O RIGINAL D ATA S HEET (C ONSTANT H EAD T EST ) ................................................................................................... 10 F IGURE 5: O RIGINAL D ATA S HEET (F ALLING H EAD T EST ) ...................................................................................................... 11 List of Tables T ABLE 1: M ATERIAL P ROPERTIES OF S AND S PECIMEN ............................................................................................................. 5 T ABLE 2: R ESULTS FROM THE C ONSTANT - HEAD T EST .............................................................................................................. 5 T ABLE 3: M ATERIAL P ROPERTIES OF S ILT S PECIMEN ............................................................................................................... 6 T ABLE 4: R ESULTS FROM THE F ALLING - HEAD T EST ................................................................................................................. 6
Team Member Contribution: All members of the group participated in the in-person laboratory session. During the lab, all members worked to perform the procedure for the Hydraulic Conductivity Test. Ryan and Anthony recorded the data while Jackson and Ashton verified the gathered results. For the report, Anthony completed the purpose and procedure. Ryan completed the table of contents, figures, and results. Jackson completed the discussion and data table. Ashton completed the calculations and formatting. Note: By presenting our names in the title page of this report, we confirm that each member has read the report, understands, and agrees with the contents provided by this report.
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Purpose/Objective: The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to gain understanding and experience of how to measure hydraulic conductivity (coefficient of permeability). This value measures a soil’s ability to permit water to flow through its pores. To properly measure hydraulic conductivity, we will need to perform two laboratory tests; the constant head test for coarse-grained soil, and the falling head test for fine-grained soils. From the data gathered for this experiment, we will be able to apply Darcy’s Law in order to calculate the hydraulic conductivity. This laboratory experiment follows and satisfies ASTM standards D2434 and D5856. Procedure: In both the Constant-Head Method and the Falling-Head Method for determining soil hydraulic conductivity and void ratio, a series of steps are followed. Initially, the dimensions of the soil sample, including the inside diameter of the specimen tube, its length, and in the case of the Constant-Head Method, the distance between the two manometer tube outlets, are measured. The dry mass of the soil sample is provided in the laboratory. For the Constant-Head Method, the permeameter is connected to a constant-head water tank, which is filled with water. The manometer valves are opened to establish a stable water level, and subsequently, the inlet and outlet valves of the permeameter are opened. Once a steady water flow through the soil specimen is achieved, readings for manometer heads are taken, and water is collected at the outlet in a graduated cylinder, with collection time recorded. The hydraulic conductivity and void rate of the soil sample are then calculated, and the test is performed three times to determine an average k. For the Falling-Head Method, the burette is connected to the permeameter's inlet using a flexible tube. The dimensions of the burette are measured to calculate its area, and it is then filled with water. The initial water head in the burette is measured. The outlet valve of the permeameter is opened, and the stopwatch is started. Water flows through the burette, through the specimen, and out of the outlet. After a specific time, the outlet valve is closed, and the elapsed time and the final head of the water column in the burette are recorded. Similar to the Constant-Head Method,
the hydraulic conductivity and void ratio are calculated, and the test is repeated three times to determine the average k.
Table of Results: Table 1: Material Properties of Sand Specimen Length of soil specimen, L (cm) 18.75 Diameter of soil specimen, D (cm) 11.40 Volume of soil specimen, V t = π D 2 L 4 (cm 3 ) 1913.8 Dry mass of soil specimen, M s (g) 3200 Dry density of soil specimen, ρ d = M s V t (g/cm 3 ) 1.67 Void ratio of soil specimen, e = G s ( ρ w ρ d ) 1 0.5988 Table 2: Results from the Constant-head Test Item Test No. 1 Test No. 2 Test No. 3 Diameter of soil specimen, D (cm) 11.40 11.40 11.40 Length of soil specimen between two manometers, L’ (cm) 11.09 11.09 11.09 Area of soil specimen, A = π D 2 4 (cm 2 ) 102.07 102.07 102.07 Head difference between two manometers, ∆h (cm) 20 23 19.5 Volume of collected water, Q (cm 3 ) 50 75 75 Time of collection, t (sec) 7.66 10.92 10.84 Hydraulic conductivity, k (cm/sec) k = Q L ' A ( ∆h ) t [ cm sec ] .0355 .0324 .0386 Average Hydraulic Conductivity: 0.0355 cm/sec
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Table 3: Material Properties of Silt Specimen Length of soil specimen, L (cm) 18.75 Diameter of soil specimen, D (cm) 11.40 Volume of soil specimen, V t = π D 2 4 (cm 2 ) 1913.8 Dry mass of soil specimen, M s (g) 3068 Dry density of soil specimen, ρ d = M s V t (g/cm 3 ) 1.60 Void ratio of soil specimen, e = G s ( ρ w ρ d ) 1 15.25 Table 4: Results from the Falling-head Test Item Test No. 1 Test No. 2 Test No. 3 Diameter of soil specimen, D (cm) 11.40 11.40 11.40 Length of soil specimen, L (cm) 18.75 18.75 18.75 Area of soil specimen, A = π D 2 4 (cm) 102.2 102.2 102.2 Diameter of burette, d (cm) 1.44 1.44 1.44 Area of soil burette, a = π d 2 4 (cm 2 ) 1.63 1.63 1.63 Initial head in burette, h 1 (cm) 64.3 78.3 76.3 Final head in burette, h 2 (cm) 60.2 76.3 74.2 Test duration, t (sec) 286 84 122 Hydraulic conductivity, k = aL At ln ( h 1 h 2 ) [ cm sec ] 6.90 x 10^-5 9.28 x 10^-5 6.88 x 10^-5 Average Hydraulic Conductivity: 7.69 x 10^-5 cm/sec
Figures: Figure 1: Image of permeameter Figure 2: Image 2 of permeameter
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Figure 3: Schematics of permeameter
Sample Calculations: Void Ratio Calculation: Specific gravity of soil solids, G s = 2.65 Mass of dry soil, M s = 3200 g Volume of soil specimen, V: V = π 4 D 2 L→ π 4 ( 11.40 ) 2 ( 18.75 ) = 1913.82 c m 2 Dry density of soil sample, ρ d ρ d = M s V 3200 1913.8 = 1.672 g c m 3 Void ratio of specimen, e e = G s × ρ w ρ d 1 ( 2.65 ) ( 1 ) 1.67 1 = 0.5988 Hydraulic Conductivity, K Calculations: Distance between the two manometer tube outlets, L’= 11.09 Hydraulic conductivity from constant-head test: k = Q L ' A ( ∆h ) t 50 × 11.09 102.07 ( 20 ) ( 7.66 ) = 0.0355 cm sec Hydraulic conductivity from falling-head test: k = aL At ln ( h 1 h 2 ) 1.63 × 18.75 102.2 × 286 ln ( 64.3 60.2 ) = 6.89 × 10 5
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Discussion of Results: When examining hydraulic conductivity in both the constant head test and the falling head test, we can derive the average hydraulic conductivity (k) values. For the constant head test, the average hydraulic conductivity value was determined to be 0.0355 cm/s, falling within the established ranges for Clayey, Silty, and Fine sand soil descriptions. Similarly, the hydraulic conductivity found in the constant head test aligns with the silt soil description range. In the case of the falling head test, the average hydraulic conductivity is 7.69 x 10^-5 cm/sec, which falls within the range for Clayey Sand soil but not for the other sand descriptions. It also aligns with the range for the silt soil description. If the void ratio "e" were to decrease, it would lead to a reduction in hydraulic conductivity, as the void ratio influences soil density. This density variation would, in turn, impact both the void ratio and hydraulic conductivity, particularly for finer-grained soil descriptions as observed in our experiment.
Appendix: Original Data Sheets Figure 4: Original Data Sheet (Constant Head Test)
Figure 5: Original Data Sheet (Falling Head Test)
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