assignment 2 questions

rtf

School

York University *

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Course

BIO1000

Subject

Mechanical Engineering

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

rtf

Pages

Uploaded by shibapanahi

Due: After Unit 4 Weight: 5% of course grade Minimum Pass Grade: 40% Each question is worth 5 marks, for a total of 100 marks. Copy the assignment questions and paste them into a word processor. Save the file in .doc or .rtf format only (no other format will be accepted). Type your answers under each question. When you consider that it is complete, upload the typed assignment into this Assignment Drop Box, which delivers the assignment to your Academic Expert for grading. Complete your assignment in your own words, based on your understanding of the course material. Follow the APA guidelines for referencing your work. Use inline citations to reference the source of the material you are paraphrasing or quoting directly. Include a “References” list at the end of your assignment that includes the textbook and all other sources you consulted to prepare your work. Additionally, you must reference for each answer the page(s) of the PDF textbook you have used to write your answer – this page number is located at the bottom of each page in the PDF files. If you have used other textbook sources to answer the questions (there might be different textbook editions in VitalSource or WileyPlus), you must specify this and reference the page(s) for these sources. Answer the following short-answer questions. With regards to effort and load, describe the main difference between a lever operating with a mechanical advantage versus a lever operating at a mechanical disadvantage. Name and describe the locations and actions of the muscles typically used in breathing. Describe how K+ permeability and Na+/K+ pump activity contribute to the unequal distribution of ions and charges, thereby establishing a resting membrane potential. Describe the difference between spatial and temporal summation in a postsynaptic neuron. Describe the gross external and cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord. Describe the role of all components of a crossed extensor reflex.

Describe the structure and function of the blood–brain barrier and explain why the crushing injury of the occipital bone is often fatal. Describe the structural and functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Explain why the sympathetic division of the ANS has more widespread and longer-lasting effects than the parasympathetic division. Compare and contrast the overall responses of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, including specific effects at various visceral effectors. A viral infection has damaged a patient’s tectospinal tract. What signs of this damage probably helped the physicians diagnose the problem? List the six types of sensory receptors, as classified based on the type of stimulus they detect, and describe the stimuli each responds to. Name the three types of sensory receptors categorized based on their location, identify the origin of stimuli that activate them, and describe the nature of the stimuli that cause their excitation. Describe the process of image formation on the retina, and contrast light and dark adaptation. Include the role of the rods and cones in your description. Differentiate between vertical and horizontal linear acceleration and deceleration. Describe the inner ear structures involved in receiving and transducing sensations involved in maintaining both types of equilibria. Explain the mechanism by which a deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRh) will lead to infertility in both a male and a female. Describe how insulin affects liver and adipose cells, as well as the feedback loop involving insulin, eating, and blood-glucose levels. A patient appears to have an infection but is not sure if the infection is bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic. Which blood test should be ordered and how would the causative agent of the infection be determined? Describe the negative feedback loop that controls the rate of erythropoiesis. Under what circumstances would you expect the rate of erythropoiesis to increase? How would it be possible to tell if the rate of erythropoiesis is elevated? Explain the importance of calcium ions to cardiac physiology. What is the relationship between an individual who is exercising strenuously, causing his or her heart rate to exceed 160 beats/minute, and the Frank–Starling law of the heart?

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