Summary Reflection Assignment-Postal Codes

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Summary Reflection Assignment (10%) Large language models (e.g., Bing and ChatGPT) have been described as “ mak[ing] for “nifty” demonstrations, it’s “still not reliable, still doesn’t understand the physical world, still doesn’t understand the psychological world and still hallucinates” (Manjoo, 2022) and “competent but empty” (Washington University, n.d.). In this assignment, you will use a summary generated by artificial intelligence and answer questions that examine the difference between the original text and the artificially generated summary. Due Date and Submission:  Submit your Summary Reflection Assignment on October 22 in Week 7 at 11:59 p.m.  Your submission must adhere to the rules of Academic Integrity.  All assignments must be submitted through D2L. Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to identify the elements of an effective summary and understand the limitations of using Large Language Models (e.g., Bing and ChatGPT) in summary writing. Learning Outcomes and Objectives: CLO 1 Apply a set of strategies to create short pieces of organized, coherent, clear, and concise writing with an understanding of one’s audience and purpose. o Complete stages of the writing process (e.g., prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, publishing, and reflection). CLO 2 Apply critical reading strategies to improve comprehension of text. o Summarize and/ or paraphrase ideas. CLO 3 Apply basic understanding of critical thinking skills to engage with a topic o Respond to a text with valid support by applying critical thinking strategies and reflective practices (e.g., make text-to self, text-to-text, and text-to-world connections; ask questions; interpret information; reach logical conclusions, etc.).

Instructions : Reread the article that you used for your reading skills assignment. These instructions are for “A Matter of Postal Codes,” written by Ken MacQueen (p. 381 of your textbook). Then answer the questions below; in total you should write at least 250 words for this assignment. Please use examples from the original article and the artificially generated summary in your responses. Please use the following text to answer questions 1-3: In Ken MacQueen’s 2013 article, “Where you live may decide how soon you die: Groundbreaking study looks at life and death by neighbourhood” he reports on research done on disparities in healthcare: What if you could see the future? What if you could see a young pregnant woman walking down Barton Street in Hamilton’s depressed north end and know her unborn child had already lost life’s lottery; that his or her fate was predetermined by Mom’s postal code? You would know that this mother—in this neighbourhood, and in the bottom 20 per cent of the city’s income earners—is six times less likely than the wealthiest Hamiltonian to seek first-trimester prenatal care, and more than six times as likely to be a teenager or to have dropped out of school. You’d know the chances of her baby being born underweight and needing weeks in neonatal intensive care would also be higher. And the child’s life would get no easier thereafter. If its parents lived an average life in this neighbourhood, they would die an average Third World death—at 65.5 years of age. If they lived five or six kilometres away, say, on Rice Avenue in the city’s leafy suburbs, they would live beyond 86 years. (MacQueen, 2013). ChatGPT summarizes this passage as follows: The text discusses the stark disparities in the lives of residents in Hamilton's north end, particularly for a young pregnant woman and her unborn child. It highlights how one's future prospects can be influenced by their postal code. People in this neighborhood, especially those in the bottom 20 percent of income earners, are less likely to seek early prenatal care, more likely to be teenagers or school dropouts, and have a higher chance of giving birth to underweight babies needing neonatal care. Additionally, life expectancy in this area is significantly lower, around 65.5 years, in contrast to those living just a few kilometers away in more affluent suburbs, where people live beyond 86 years. (OpenAI, 2023). QUESTIONS:

1. Compare the original text with the artificially generated summary: What are the differences between the two? What important information, tone or detail, if anything, is missing or different? Use examples from the text. 2. When writing a summary, it is important to observe the rules of academic integrity, including correct use of quotations, citations, and paraphrasing. Can you find any violations of academic integrity in the AI-generated text? 3. ChatGPT concludes the article by saying: Mark Chamberlain, a successful Hamilton businessman and member of the city's poverty reduction roundtable, emphasizes that the health outcomes of individuals in impoverished neighborhoods are not determined by their personal qualities or community involvement. Instead, he argues that birth location, as indicated by postal codes, can significantly predict a child's life outcomes, including when and how they might pass away. Chamberlain finds this future prediction concerning and hopes that there is a growing determination to change this grim reality . (OpenAI, 2023). Original: Mark Chamberlain, a successful Hamilton businessman and a member of the city’s roundtable on poverty reduction, knows many people who live in the city’s blighted neighbourhoods. “They’re fantastic people, but their health outcomes aren’t determined by how fantastic they are and how much they volunteer,” he says. “Once they know where a baby is born from a postal code perspective—based on not changing our scenarios in how we invest—they can pretty much predict the outcome of that child, when and how they’re going to die.” It’s a glimpse of a future he can’t accept, and one he’d like to think there is growing determination to change. (MacQueen, 2013) How does this differ in meaning from the original conclusion? Does ChatGPT accurately represent what Mark Chamberlain said? How would you summarize it? (Remember, a summary should be shorter than the original.)

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For the next section, you can choose to answer EITHER Question 4 or Question 5. You do not need to answer both. Please answer Question 6. 4. Ask ChatGPT or Bing “What are some of the implications on relying on Large Language Models (e.g., ChatGPT or Bing) to summarize information. Summarize the response and explain how you feel about this response. Provide an explanation to support your personal response. 5. What purpose do you think the use of large language models should serve in college? In the workplace? What should this technology NOT be used for? 6. To demonstrate your own summary and paraphrasing skills, write a summary of the following paragraph of the article, The phenomenon isn’t unique to Hamilton. The district health unit in Sudbury, Ont., is a strong advocate for redefining what makes us healthy, and has compared the “most deprived” and “least deprived” areas of that city. Among the most deprived: births to teenage mothers were 205 per cent higher; infant mortality, 139 per cent higher; and premature death, 86 per cent higher. The health region in Saskatoon also looked at health disparities in their city. In six low-income neighbourhoods, rates of infant mortality were 448 per cent higher; teen births, 1,549 per cent higher; and suicide attempts, 1,458 higher. “Moral reasons aside, it is in our collective interest to reduce social disparity,” the health region concluded.. (MacQueen, 2013) References Incorporating ChatGPT into your assignments. (n.d.). Washington University in St. Louis. https://ctl.wustl.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Using-ChatGPT-in-Assignments.pdf Manjoo, F. (2022, December 16). ChatGPT has a devastating sense of humour. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/16/opinion/conversation-with-chatgpt.html