7.4 - Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems

1. A downward force of 100 N is applied to the small piston with a diameter of 50 cm in the hydraulic lift system shown below.a. What is the upward force exerted by the large piston with a diameter of 2m?b. What is the mechanical advantage of this hydraulic lift?c. If the input force of 100N pushes the small piston down by 2m, how high will the large piston rise? 2. Water flows through a circular pipe with a constant radius of 10cm. The speed and pressure at point A is 4m/s and 250,000Pa respectively.a. What is the speed of the fluid at Point B? b. What is the pressure at point B which is 10m higher than point A?

4. Consider the hydraulic system shown in Fig. 6, which consists of a hydraulic cylinder, a tank and a valve. The hydraulic cylinder is a gyrator governed by v = Q/A and f = Ap, where v(t) and f(t) are the velocity and the force of the piston, A is the area of the cylinder, and p(t) and Q(t) are the pressure and flow rate at the inlet of the tank. Also, the tank has fluid capacitance C and the valve has fluid resistance R. Moreover, Fig. 7 shows the linear graph of the hydraulic system. Answer the following questions. (a) Determine the driving point impedance Z(s). (b) Define H(s) as the transfer function with the piston velocity v(t) as the input and the inlet pressure p(t) as the output. Derive the relationship between the transfer function H(s) and the driving point impedance Z(s). v(t) f(t) A C R p(t) q(t) f(t) 12 Figure 6: A hydraulic cylinder driv- ing a tank and a valve Figure 7: System linear graph R

1. A Pelton wheel performance data are collected in the following table. Turbine speed (RPM) 3000 Shaft torque Water supply line pressure (bar) Water flow rate (L/min) (Ncm) 2.4 18.4 If water supply pipe diameter is 25 mm and turbine wheel diameter is 70 mm, calculate the hydraulic head in m, jet velocity in m/s, speed ratio, hydraulic power in W, mechanical power in W and efficiency of the turbine. What is the optimum speed (RPM) of the wheel (for maximum power)?

Please solve and answer the question correctly please. Thank you!!

FLUID MECH Support your answer with the appropriate solution and diagram. 4. The water level in a tank is 20 m above the ground. A hose is connected to the bottom of the tank, and the nozzle at the end of the hose is pointed straight up. The tank is at sea level, and the water surface is open to the atmosphere. In the line leading from the tank to the nozzle is a pump, which increases the pressure of water. if the water jet rises to a height of 27 m from the ground, determine the minimum pressure rise in kPa supplied by the pump to the water line. A. 102.5 B. 92.8 C. 79.9 D. 68.7

Please Provide correct solution, correct Method.   No Missing steps / calculations.   No Handwriting please

5. A human being has an average venous blood pressure of 12 mm Hg (Hg = mercury). The density of Hg (mercury) is 13,530 kg/m3. How high does a saline bag have to be raised to just barely equal to that of the blood in the vein) of saline through a line and needle inserted into a person's vein? The density of saline is 1020 enable the flow (that is, the pressure of the saline at the needle kg/m3.

A) A DC motor driven pump running at 100 RPM delivers 30 L/sec of water at 40C (d = 992.3 kg/m3 ) against a totalpumping head of 27 m with a pump efficiency 60%,   A.)what motor HP is required? (20 KW)answer   B) What speed and capacity would result if the pump RPM were increased to produced a pumping head of 36 m,assuming no change in efficiency. (N2 = 116 RPM)answer

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1.1. The pump whose performance curves are shown in Figure P1.1 is operated at 1750 rpm and is connected to a 2-in. i.d. galvanized iron pipe 175 ft long. What will be the flow rate and power input? 100 90 Head curve 80 70 60 50 40 -Efficiency 30 20 10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Flow rate (gpm) FIGURE P1.1 Performance curves for a pump with a 9-in. impeller and speed 1750 rpm. 1.7. If the pump and pipe arrangement of Problem 1.1 now includes an elevation increase of 30 ft, what flow will result? Head rise (ft); efficiency ()

For each statement, choose whether the statement is true or false, and discuss your answer briefly:                                                                               (a) If the rpm of a pump is doubled, all else staying the same, the capacity of the pump goes up by a factor of about 2.                                                   (b) If the rpm of a pump is doubled, all else staying the same, the net head of the pump goes up by a factor of about 2.                                               (c) If the rpm of a pump is doubled, all else staying the same, the required shaft power goes up by a factor of about 4.                                                (d) If the rpm of a turbine is doubled, all else staying the same, the output shaft power of the turbine goes up by a factor of about 8.

A pump has a displacement volume of 6 in^3. It delivers 24 gpm at 1000 rpm and 1000 psi. If the prime mover input torque is 1100 in • lb, what is the theoretical torque required to operate the pump in in-lbs?

• Example: A pitot-static probe connected to a water manometer is used to measure the velocity of air. If the deflection (the vertical distance between the fluid levels in the two arms) is 7.3 cm. Determine the air velocity. Take the density of air to be 1.25 kg/m3 .