EOSC 118 Learning Objective Activity 2 Fall 2023
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School
University of British Columbia *
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Course
118
Subject
Material Science
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by MajorSnow2506
Learning Objective Activity #2
Name:
John Doe
Student Number:
420
Insert your LOA question below:
Differentiate between isotropic and anisotropic materials.
Type your answer below (between 250 and 500 words):
There are two types of materials when it comes to property distribution within its crystal
structure: materials that are isotropic, and materials that are anisotropic. Isotropic minerals
have the same property distribution, meaning that all structural axes are of the same lengths
and intersect each other in perpendicular form. Anisotropic materials, on the other hand,
contain structural axes of different lengths and that are not perpendicular to one another. I
will differentiate the two materials on three basis: their refractive indexes, their subtypes, and
examples in gems and minerals.
The fundamental characteristic that defines whether a material is isotropic or anisotropic is
the number of refractive indexes it has. Refractive indexes quantify how much the speed at
which light travels is slowed down when it passes through a solid object, such as minerals.
Isotropic materials contain a singular refractive index; this means that when a single beam of
light passes through a crystal structure, it does not split into different beams. Rather, light
passes in a consistent speed through every axis, allowing the gemstone’s color to stay
consistent at different angles (International Gem Society, 2023). With anisotropic materials,
light tends to split while passing through the gemstone and will dissemble into multiple
polarized beams (Pollard, 2020). As a result, light passes through each axis at different speeds,
causing the gemstone to display different colors when the angle is changed (International
Gem Society, 2023).
Moreover, isotropic and refractive materials have different subtypes. Out of the seven
primitive crystal systems, only isometric/cubic systems fall under isotropic materials. The
other six systems, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, triclinic, monoclinic, and
rhombohedral systems are anisotropic. These six systems all have multiple refractive indexes
and axes of various lengths.
Figure 1: Seven Primitive Crystal Systems (Rafferty, 2018).
Lastly, another way to differentiate the two materials is by looking at their examples in gems
and minerals. Isometric gems, like diamonds and garnet, are examples of isotropic materials
(International Gem Society, 2023). A singular refractive index being the defining trait of
isotropic gems is an explanation for why diamonds and garnets display the same hue when
viewed from different angles. Rubies, sapphires, and tanzanites are examples of anisotropic
gems (International Gem Society, 2023).
Word count (excluding image captions and references): 357
List the references other than the course content that you used below. Use the
APA
reference and citation style
.
References
International Gem Society. (2023).
What is Gemstone Pleochroism?
https://www.gemsociety.org/article/what-is-gemstone-pleochroism/. Retrieved November
10, 2023, from https://www.igi.org/identifying-isotropic-vs-anisotropic-gemstones/
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