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[Last Name] 1
[Your Name]
[Instructor Name]
[Course Number]
[Date]
Walmart Retailing Strategies: Analysis of Marketing Strategies, Pricing Dynamics, and Global Impact
I. Introduction
The retail industry is currently undergoing major changes, as seen in the recent closures
of well-established companies like Sears, which has a history going back to 1893. These closures
demonstrate the transformative forces that are impacting the retail market. In light of these
industry changes, it is important to examine the survival strategies that contemporary retailers are
employing. Walmart serves as an especially relevant example for study, as it has shown
resilience in the face of industry transformations. An analysis of Walmart provides insights not
only into a single company's adaptive capabilities, but potentially also into broader trends that
are shaping the retail landscape overall. As a major player in the industry, Walmart's ability to
endure and prosper amidst technological disruptions, shifting consumer behaviors, and global
market dynamics makes it a compelling case study. The aim of this research is therefore to
elucidate the various dimensions of Walmart's marketing strategies. This will contribute to a
deeper understanding of today's complex retailing environment and provide beneficial insights
for businesses navigating these challenges. The importance lies in extrapolating insights from
Walmart that may reveal patterns applicable across retail.
II. Background
Established in 1962 in Rogers, Arkansas by Sam Walton, Walmart began as a single
discount store and has since grown into a global retail giant. Walton was committed to providing
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customers low prices and great value. Walmart expanded swiftly, marked by milestones like the
opening of its first Walmart Supercenter in 1988, integrating a full grocery store with the
discount store model (Basker 177). Over the years, the company widened its domestic and
international footprint, entering diverse
markets. However, Walmart’s history is not merely one
of expansion, but also of adaptability in response to a changing retail landscape. The company
weathered challenges by adjusting its strategies to incorporate emerging technologies, shifts in
consumer preferences, and the e-
commerce revolution. Noteworthy is Walmart’s early
recognition of e-commerce potential, leading it to launch walmart.com in 2000 (Basker 182).
Despite setbacks in certain international ventures like Germany, a focus on adaptation and
strategic realignment remained pivotal. Thus, while Walmart’s concise history underscores its
remarkable growth in retail, examining its adaptive measures over time is imperative to
understanding its sustained leadership in an evolving industry.
III. Product Life Cycle in Retailing
When contrasting traditional retailers that are struggling, like the recently closed Sears
and Kmart, to the ongoing success of Walmart, distinct parallels emerge that shed light on the
intricate dynamics within the retail industry (Jens et al. 264). Traditional retailers, anchored in
conventional brick-and-mortar models, often wrestle with challenges brought on by the rise of e-
commerce and shifts in what consumers want. Retailers like Sears, with history stretching back
to the late 1800s, have found it difficult to swiftly adapt to the digital era . An inability to
resonate with modern consumer demands has exacerbated declines (Meyer 13). On the other
hand, Walmart, a stalwart in retail, has shown a capacity to adapt by integrating omnichannel
approaches that blend physical and online retail seamlessly (von Briel 221). The demise of
traditional retailers is frequently tied to ineffectively navigating this transition. Walmart’s
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[Last Name] 3
prosperity is not solely due to its substantial purchasing power, but also stems from adeptly
leveraging technology, efficient logistics, and strategic supplier partnerships. Whereas traditional
retailers typically grapple with outdated infrastructure and inefficient supply chains, Walmart
utilizes its extensive resources to invest in innovative technologies, like in-store solar panels,
improving operational efficiency (von Briel 218)
. Additionally, Walmart’s strategic positioning
as a mass merchandiser emphasising low prices has aligned with contemporary consumer
expectations, conferring a competitive edge. Therefore, the divergence between declining
traditional retailers and successf
ul companies like Walmart hinges on the latter’s proactive
adaptation to the developing retail landscape. This is typified by Walmart’s astute integration of
technology, omnichannel tactics, and commitment to satisfying the changing demands of modern
consumers. The inability to adapt swiftly to the digital shift and resonate with evolving consumer
preferences has conversely contributed to the struggles of conventional brick-and-mortar
retailers.
The concept of the retailing life cycle offers a useful lens for understanding the evolution
and trajectories of different retail companies. Similar to the product life cycle, retail entities pass
through distinct stages including introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Traditional retailers
such as Sears and Kmart, which are experiencing closures, exemplify the decline phase,
struggling to stay relevant. In contrast, successful modern retailers like Walmart represent the
growth and maturity phases, adapting to changing consumer behavior and technological
innovations (Liu et al. 73). Applying the retailing life cycle framework illuminates the dynamic
retail industry, highlighting the critical need for adaptability to avoid obsolescence. As consumer
preferences shift and technology transforms shopping paradigms, retailers must strategically
position themselves within this life cycle to prosper in a constantly evolving marketplace. The
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framework elucidates why some retailers like Walmart continue growing and maturing amid
industry fluctuations, while others like Sears and Kmart confront decline without adapting
successfully to new consumer demands and tech-driven disruption.
IV. Walmart's Business Model
Walmart utilizes a multifaceted business model that strategically integrates both
traditional and modern retail approaches. Central to its strategy is an omni-channel framework
that smoothly blends physical and online shopping. This "bricks-and-clicks" model refers to the
harmonious coexistence of brick-and-mortar stores with digital platforms, fostering a
comprehensive retail ecosystem for consumers. Walmart's vast physical store network serves as
important customer touchpoints, delivering tangible experiences and immediacy, while its robust
online presence through sites like Walmart.com offers accessibility and convenience (Liu et al.
77). This omni-channel approach not only caters to diverse consumer preferences, but also
synergizes the strengths of both realms, bolstering Walmart's market foothold. Integrating
technology plays a key role, enabling services like online ordering with in-store pickup that
enhance customer convenience. Walmart's commitment to this dual brick-and-mortar and digital
strategy demonstrates a nuanced grasp of today's retail landscape, where success relies on
adaptability and strategically fusing traditional and online retail channels. It reflects an
understanding that consumers expect both physical and virtual shopping experiences.
Walmart's target market is defined by its vast scope, aiming to appeal to a broad range of
consumers across demographics and socioeconomic backgrounds. The retail giant strategically
positions itself as a mass merchandiser, primarily focused on providing affordable products and
services. Walmart's core customer base comprises value-conscious shoppers seeking budget-
friendly purchases
(Micić et al.
40). Its extensive product range, spanning groceries, electronics,
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apparel, and more, reflects an intention to meet the varied needs of families and individuals. The
affordability emphasis aligns with a target market that prioritizes reasonably priced shopping
without sacrificing quality. Analysis of Walmart’s target market also unveils a deliberate
outreach to rural and suburban areas where stores are often physically located
(Micić et al.
32).
Walmart serves communities that may have constrained access to other shopping options.
Additionally, the company’s omnichannel model, integrating brick
-and-mortar and online
presences, reflects adaptability that resonates with tech-savvy consumers wanting convenience
(Liu et al. 77).
V. Pricing Strategy
Walmart’s unmatched success in retail is intricately linked to its foundational low price
strategy. This pricing approach aligns with the company’s mission to deliver value to a wide
customer base. By leveraging immense purchasing power, Walmart negotiates beneficial terms
with suppliers, enabling the passing of cost savings to shoppers. The low prices attract value-
conscious consumers, building loyalty and cementing Walmart as a go-to affordable shopping
destination. The Everyday Low Price (EDLP) model, pioneered by Walmart, simplifies the
experience by eliminating the need for promotions while boosting operational efficiency through
streamlined inventory management (Bahremand et al.). As such, the EDLP approach serves as a
core strategy, allowing Walmart to provide consistency, affordability and efficiency to price-
sensitive shoppers.
However, the long-
term sustainability of Walmart’s low pricing approach is subject to
ongoing examination. While the EDLP model has been in
tegral to Walmart’s prosperity,
challenges emerge as the retail landscape transforms. Recent observations indicate Walmart’s
pricing focus may be gradually shifting, with considerations beyond just cost-cutting arising.
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Sustaining the low price strategy depends on maintaining competitiveness while adapting to
evolving market dynamics. Factors like rising operating costs, the need for continuous
technology investments, and the advent of e-commerce rivals necessitate a nuanced re-evaluation
of Walmart’s prici
ng paradigm. To bolster the viability of its pricing approach, Walmart has
diversified offerings through private label brands, conferring more supply chain and cost control.
Additionally, initiatives like enhanced supplier training, improved logistics, and strategic
promotions help preserve a competitive edge (Gu and Liang 9). As Walmart navigates complex
market forces, the continued success of its low pricing hinges not solely on efficiency but on the
agility to innovate and meet changing consumer expectations. This ensures Walmart remains a
stalwart as the retail landscape transforms. The pricing strategy must balance maintaining
affordability with adjusting to shifts in the market and consumer needs to sustain itself moving
forward.
VI. Factors Contributing to Low Pricing
Apart from its substantial purchasing power, several key operational strategies enable
Walmart to uphold low prices. Most notably, the company has established an extremely
streamlined and efficient distribution network. Walmart’s supply c
hain is a logistics marvel,
leveraging advanced technologies to optimize inventory, shorten lead times, and minimize costs.
This logistical prowess lets Walmart exploit economies of scale for greater cost-effectiveness.
Additionally, the retailer heavily invests in supplier training programs to promote collaboration
and efficiency within its vast supplier ecosystem (Gu and Liang 2). This alignment ensures
suppliers adhere to Walmart’s commitment to cost efficiency, quality, and timely delivery.
Promotions a
lso play a strategic role in Walmart’s pricing approach. Despite renown for
its EDLP model, the company tactically utilizes promotions to drive sales and attract shoppers,
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balancing competitive base pricing with promotional incentives. Moreover, Walmart’s
ability to
undermine competitors through strategic pricing and operational efficiency has been integral to
its enduring success (Gu and Liang 8-9). Thus, Walmart not only captures market share but also
poses challenges for rivals trying to match or beat its pricing. This elimination of competition
encompasses partnerships, acquisitions, and innovative initiatives that reinforce Walmart’s retail
dominance.
VIII. Marketing and Advertising
Walmart’s advertising approaches have changed significantly over time,
dynamically
responding to shifting consumer landscapes and emerging media. Initially, Walmart’s advertising
centered on conventional platforms like television, radio, and print, stressing product
affordability and its commitment to customer value. However, the digital transformation
provoked a paradigm shift in its advertising methodology. Integrating online platforms and social
media became pivotal, enabling engagement with wider audiences and leveraging the immediacy
of digital channels.
One unique facet
of Walmart’s advertising tactic is utilizing employees as product
models. This serves multiple aims, fostering relatability and authenticity. By featuring staff as
models, Walmart not only showcases workforce diversity but conveys a narrative of individuals
who comprehend and endorse the products represented. This aligns with contemporary
preferences for authenticity and brands that resonate, improving perceptions. Moreover, this
approach constitutes employer branding efforts, underscoring Walmart’s dedicat
ion to its staff.
Currently, Walmart has expanded its reach through omnichannel campaigns fusing traditional
and digital advertising (von Briel 221). The focus stays on highlighting affordability and
accessibility of products, resonating with its diverse target demographic. Walmart has adeptly
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adopted storytelling in ads, framing narratives that accentuate customers’ everyday requirements
and Walmart’s role in fulfilling those needs. The strategy shift reflects recognition that
consumers expect engaging brand stories across both traditional and digital media.
X. Long-term Strategy and Global Expansion
Walmart’s long
-term approach combines domestic dominance with a vast global
footprint. The company strategically prioritizes low pricing, operational efficiency, and
technology adoption to reinforce its competitive advantage. Domestically, Walmart retains its
mass merchandiser status, serving a wide customer base by continuously refining its supply
chain and investing in tech innovations. Concurrently, its international operations across
numerous countries boost overall resilience. Through tailoring its model to diverse cultural and
economic contexts, Walmart penetrates international markets, expanding revenue streams.
Financially, the company demonstrates robust health, with steady revenue growth and
profitability. Its annual reports reveal substantial investments in tech, supply chain upgrades, and
sustainability efforts, showing commitment to long-term viability. Expert opinions largely
commend Walmart’s strat
egic emphasis on global expansion and technology, acknowledging its
ability to navigate complex market forces. Walmart’s success is attributed to adaptability,
leveraging economies of scale, and addressing varied consumer needs.
XI. Conclusion
In summary, analyzing Walmart’s marketing and retailing strategies offers valuable
perspectives into the company’s adaptive abilities within a transforming retail landscape.
Walmart’s resilience is highlighted by its strategic evolution over time, navigati
ng challenges
and capitalizing on opportunities to maintain leadership. The study contrasts declining retailers
like Sears and Kmart with Walmart’s prosperity, emphasizing adaptation’s critical role amidst
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technological and consumer preference disruptions.
Walmart’s strategic integration of
technology, omnichannel approaches, and low price commitment has been instrumental in
sustaining its competitive edge. The retailer tactically appeals to a broad target demographic,
positioning itself as an affordable mass merchandiser. The examination considers factors beyond
purchasing power affecting the viability of Walmart’s low pricing approach, including logistics,
supplier training and promotions. Extensive technology utilization, from data analytics to solar
syst
ems, boosts efficiency and underscores Walmart’s commitment to sustainability. Its long
-
term strategy, encompassing domestic and global dimensions, reinforces adaptability and
resilience. Robust fiscal health, consistent revenue expansion, and strategic investments highlight
Walmart’s dedication to long
-term success.
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Works Cited
Bahremand, Mehrdad, et al. “A Multiobjective Pricing Model in Omnichannel Retailing with
Emphasis on State Interventions.”
IEEE Access
, vol. 10, 2022, pp. 49184
–
97,
https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3172317. Accessed 16 Aug. 2022.
Basker, Emek. “The Causes and Consequences of Wal
-
Mart’s Growth.”
SSRN Electronic
Journal
, vol. 21, no. 3, 2007, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.950882.
Gu, Li, and Guitian Liang. “The Effect of Bank Fina
ncing under Supply Chain-To-Chain
Competition.”
Mathematical Problems in Engineering
, edited by Arunava Majumder,
vol. 2022, Nov. 2022, pp. 1
–
15, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8575338. Accessed 14 Feb.
2023.
Jens, William, et al. “Can Charging Sales Taxes o
n Internet Sales Save Brick-And-Mortar
Stores?”
SSRN Electronic Journal
, 2020, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3625647. Accessed
19 July 2020.
Liu, Zhuo, et al. “Analysis on Business Model of Chinese Retail Industry in the Post
-Pandemic
Era: Case Study of Wal
mart and Freshippo.”
Journal of Education, Humanities and
Social Sciences
, vol. 2, July 2022, pp. 70
–
77, https://doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v2i.765.
Meyer, Robert. “Reflections on ‘Transformative Marketing: The next 20 Years.’”
Journal of
Marketing
, vol. 82, no. 4, July 2018, pp. 13
–
14, https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.82.42.
Micić, Radmila, et al. “Social Responsibility in Modern Trade Companies with Reference to the
Walmart Trade Chain.”
Oditor
, vol. 8, no. 1, 2022, pp. 37
–
62,
https://doi.org/10.5937/oditor2201036m. Accessed 2 May 2022.
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von Briel, Frederik. “The Future of Omnichannel Retail: A Four
-
Stage Delphi Study.”
Technological Forecasting and Social Change
, vol. 132, July 2018, pp. 217
–
29,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.02.004.
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