Revised Questionaire Completed

1 Introduction Dear Participant, Thank you for your willingness to contribute to our research study "Investigating the Challenges and Opportunities of E-commerce Adoption in Saudi Arabian Small and Medium- Sized Enterprises (SMEs)." Your participation and valuable insights are crucial for gaining a deeper understanding of the factors influencing e-commerce adoption in the Saudi Arabian SME sector. This questionnaire aims to gather essential information regarding SMEs' challenges and opportunities in adopting e-commerce. Your responses will aid in identifying the key factors that influence the successful implementation of e-commerce strategies and the potential benefits and obstacles SMEs face in this context. Rest assured that all your information will be treated with the utmost confidentiality. Your responses will be used solely for the purposes of this research and will not be disclosed or used for any other intention. The questionnaire comprises 16 questions and is designed to be completed within an estimated time frame of 10-15 minutes. Please take the time to answer each question accurately, as your insights will significantly contribute to the validity and reliability of our research findings. Company Information Company Name: Type of Business/Industry: 1) Years in Operation: Tick Less than 5 years. 5 - 10 years 11 - 20 years More than 20 years 2) Number of Employees: Tick Less than 50 50 - 100 101 - 500 More than 500 3) Annual Revenue (SAR): Tick Less than 1 million SAR 1 - 10 million SAR 11 - 100 million SAR More than 100 million SAR 4) Does your company currently engage in e-commerce activities?

2 Tick Yes No 5) What percentage of your total sales is generated through e-commerce? Tick Less than 25% 25% - 50% 51% - 75% More than 75% 6) Not applicable What e-commerce platforms or channels does your company utilize? (Select all that apply) Tick/Fill Company Website Social Media (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, Tik Tok) Online Marketplaces (e.g., Amazon, Shopify.com) Mobile Apps Others (Please specify): Part II

4 To what extent do you have access to the necessary resources, including technological infrastructure and financial resources, to support e-commerce adoption? 1 2 3 4 5 5) Overall E-commerce Adoption Considering all the factors discussed, please rate your SME's overall e-commerce adoption level. Question Low adoptio n Moderate adoption High adoption Very high adoption Extremely high adoption Considering all the factors discussed, please rate your SME's overall e-commerce adoption level. 1 2 3 4 5 6) Challenges Faced in E-commerce Adoption How challenging do you find each of the following factors in your SME's e-commerce adoption? (Rate each factor from 1 to 5) Question Not challenging Slightly challenging Moderately challenging Challengin g Very challengin g 1 2 3 4 5 Limited financial resources Lack of technological infrastructure Skills gaps Regulatory constraints 7) Motivations for E-commerce Adoption What motivates your SME to consider e-commerce adoption? (Rate each motivation from 1 to 5) Question Not motivating Slightly motivating Moderately motivating Motivating Very motivating 1 2 3 4 5 Increased market reach Enhanced customer engagement Cost efficiencies Improved operational effectiveness 8) Benefits Realized from E-commerce Adoption

5 To what extent has your SME realized the following benefits from e-commerce adoption? (Rate each benefit from 1 to 5) Question Not motivating Slightly motivating Moderately motivating Motivating Very motivating 1 2 3 4 5 Increased market reach Enhanced customer engagement Cost efficiencies Improved operational effectiveness 9) Need for Additional Resources Question Not important Slightly important Moderatel y important Highly important Very important How important do you consider the need for additional resources (financial, technological, or human capital) to support your SME's e-commerce adoption? 1 2 3 4 5