EDU10002_ Understanding Language and Literacy Assignment 2_ Essay By Amelia Thaisen- 103965791
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Jan 9, 2024
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EDU10002
Assignment 2-Essay.
Amelia thaisen 103965791
4/12/2023
Describe and discuss children’s oral language development using relevant theoretical
perspectives and references to support your statements and discussion.
The development of children's oral language can be described and generated from a variety of components and perspectives. Every child’s experience of the development of
oral language is different and unique. But not all children hit those milestones straight away. It can take some time. Oral language develops in different components such as phonological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic development. With these components of oral language, there are several theories that include nature and nurture and how diverse each of their concepts is. How they can contribute to and have an impact on a child's oral language development as they progress and learn. The nativist theory and behavioral theory come into terms with the nature and nurture theories where one holds
that children learn to develop many important skills naturally that are required to have functional language, but their skills fully develop over the years through learning from reinforcement, imitation, and repetition according to behaviorist theory or from their social interaction with others.
The oral language is complex within the development that relates sounds to meaning and is made up of three components; phonological, syntactic, and semantic (Lindfors, 1987). Having a good understanding of the theories can help teachers to implement effective strategies for developing children's oral language within the curriculum. Children learn language in speech-rich communities, and most children effortlessly acquire the spoken language of the community (Vygotsky 1978). Each component contrasts how a young child learns to communicate. Phonology is the study of the patterns of sounds of language and across languages with the way they are combined to create speeches and words. The phonological component of language is made up of the various sounds that are used in speaking, including phenotypes, intonation, and stress. (Fellowes & Oakley, 2019, pp. 47- 48). Syntax is the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. It is how words are combined into organized sentences that make them grammatically correct and meaningful. For example, If you change the position of even one word, it’s possible to change the meaning of the entire sentence (Grammarly 2023). As a child grow, their syntactic rules become more complex as a child needs approximately 50 words to begin to combine them into short phrases. (Hands & Voices,2019). Pragmatic development of these
critical skills can help you facilitate typical child development and provide support to those with conditions like autism spectrum disorder. There are three components: the ability the use language, the ability to adjust to the language to match the demands of the listener or context, and the ability to obey the "unspoken" rules of conversation, storytelling, orders, etc.("Social Communication Pragmatics) - Kid Sense Child Development").
The key theory of the nativist theory is Noam Chomsky, their influence on the theory was a book called Syntactic Structures in 1957, which introduced the controversial idea
that humans are born with an innate understanding of language processes. Chomsky proposed that children are born with knowledge of general grammatical rules so that with exposure, children are able to acquire language rapidly and with relative ease. The nativist theory is the innate ability to organize the laws in language, which enables children to learn more easily in a native language. The majority of world languages have
verbs, nouns, adjectives, and more. However this is only true in some instances, as well
as similar ways to structure thoughts. Language is thought of as having a finite amount of rules from which we can build an infinite amount of phrases, and the core of these rules is somehow programmed into our brains from day one. (Khan Academy 2023). Many other approaches contradict Chomsky's theory but the nativist approach is still widely held in high regard by many language development experts. The majority of world languages have verbs and nouns, although this is not true in every instance, as well as similar ways to structure thoughts. (MyTutor,2013)The nativist theory is a biological theory that is based on theories that can be supported by some observations of language development in humans. (study.com, 2022). An example of the nativist theory could be the existence of the Creole languages. The creole languages are specific grammatical structures that develop from the simplifying and mixing of different languages, without any formal teaching.
A theory that explains children’s oral language from the nurture perspective is the behavioral theory of human behavior by analyzing the antecedents and consequences present in the individual's environment and the learned associations he or she has acquired through previous experience throughout life. They are shaped and maintained by the variables in the environment and the contingencies of reinforcement available in one’s context. The behavioral theory was made by B.F Skinner. Skinner developed a behaviorist approach known as operant conditioning where learning is influenced by rewards, punishments, and environmental factors. His idea was that children learn to behave in certain ways because of previous experiences which have either been pleasant or unpleasant. ( professional association for childcare and early years, 2016). An example of this behavior could be when a baby says ‘mumma’ for the first time, you then reward them each time you hear them say it which becomes the theory operant conditioning so then your child then gets that sense of I’m being rewarded due to me
saying this one word. An example in childcare to primary school could be when a teacher does not want undesirable behavior repeated, the student gets a privilege taken
away, so they learn not to repeat that behavior. Other students who observe the negative reinforcement will be deterred from that behavior if they want to keep their privileges. it then becomes a circle of those learning patterns to teach students right and
wrong till the time they always behave. (Anon,2019).
In conclusion of this essay children's oral language development using relevant theoretical perspectives is unique for each child and can be described and generated from various components and perspectives, including phonological, syntactic, semantic,
and pragmatic development. Understanding the nativist and behavioral theories can help teachers implement effective strategies for developing children's oral language within the curriculum. The nativist theory suggests that children have an innate understanding of language, while the behavioral theory emphasizes the role of environmental factors and reinforcement in language development. Understanding these theories can help educators implement effective strategies to support children's oral language development from early stages to adult stages.
Australian Children's Education and Care Quality Authority. (2018). Developmental milestones and the Early Years Learning Framework and the National Quality Standards. In ACECQA
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