AVSC 3090 Airworthiness requirements
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Utah Valley University *
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3090
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Industrial Engineering
Date
Jan 9, 2024
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6
Uploaded by DoctorUniverse21781
1
Airworthiness Requirements
Utah Valley University
AVSC-3090: Airline and Dispatch Operations
Dr. Jack Troutt, Ed.D
Nov 17, 2023.
1.
Explain two rules that apply to carrying cargo in the passenger compartments for carriers
flying under Part 121. What is the rule and why does it matter?
2
A) Approved Cargo Bins Rule:
Cargo may be carried in the passenger compartment if it is placed in an approved cargo bin that
meets specific requirements.These bins must meet the safety standards,and must be capable to
withstand the same load factors and emergency landing conditions as passenger seats but
multiplied by a factor of 1.15 (
The Federal Register,
n.d). The bins must be clearly marked with
their maximum cargo weight capacity and installation instructions, ensuring proper weight
distribution (
The Federal Register,
n.d). The bins must not impose excessive loads on the aircraft
structure, obstruct access to emergency exits or the aisle, and must be flame-resistant and have
suitable safeguards. (
The Federal Register,
n.d). Compliance with these rules is essential to
prevent cargo from shifting and also to maintain passenger safety as well as structural integrity
during flight.
b) Restrictions on Cargo Location Rule:
Cargo can be carried aft of a bulkhead or in approved cargo racks, bins, or compartments,
provided it meets specific requirements. Cargo must be properly loaded, packaged, secured, and
restrained to certain load factors to prevent movement during flight or on the ground. It must not
exceed load limitations on seats or the floor structure and should not obstruct access to
emergency exits, the aisle, or obscure essential signage for passengers (
The Federal Register,
n.d). Compliance with these rules ensures that passengers and passenger compartment occupants
are safe from injury and that cargo is transported safely and conveniently.
2.
Flight controls under Part 25 must be designed so they enable continued safe flight during
what three types of failures?
3
Flight controls must be designed to ensure continued safe flight and landing under three types of
failures within the normal flight envelope and without demanding exceptional piloting skill or
strength (
The Federal Register,
n.d).
a)
After any single failure in the flight control system, excluding jamming. This encompasses
scenarios like mechanical disconnections or failures in hydraulic components (
The Federal
Register,
n.d).
b)
The system should maintain safe operation even in combinations of failures that aren't
deemed extremely improbable, excluding jamming. This could involve dual failures in electrical
or hydraulic systems or a single failure combined with a probable hydraulic or electrical
malfunction (
The Federal Register,
n.d)
c)
The flight controls should withstand any jam in a typical control position encountered during
takeoff, climb, cruise, normal turns, descent, and landing unless such jamming is highly unlikely
or can be mitigated (
The Federal Register,
n.d). Additionally, scenarios like a flight control
runway to an adverse position followed by jamming must also be accounted for if not considered
extremely improbable. All the above probable malfunctions should have only minor effects on
the control system operation and be able to be readily countered by the pilot (
The Federal
Register,
n.d)
3.
Describe three things that must be included on Part 121 or Part 135 aircraft for fire
protection.
a)
Flight controls, engine mounts, and other vital flight structures in designated fire zones or
adjacent areas are constructed of fireproof materials or shielded to withstand the effects of fire
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4
(Holt & Poynor, 2016). Thermal/acoustic insulation materials are used in the fuselage and are
flame resistant.
b)
Surfaces behind the nacelles within a certain range are fire-resistant, except for tail surfaces
that are less likely to be affected by heat or flames from engine zones (Holt & Poynor, 2016).
c)
Cargo or baggage compartment smoke or fire detection systems are there to provide warnings
to the flight crew and detect fires at lower temperatures without compromising airplane integrity.
Additionally, the aircraft is equipped with hand fire extinguishers that contain the appropriate
extinguishing agents and meet the specific distribution criteria based on passenger capacity (Holt
& Poynor, 2016) .
4.
Briefly describe each type of cargo space classification (Classes A through E). What can
be contained in this type of space and what requirements must be met?
Class A
: Must be easily accessible in flight, and allow for prompt fire detection by
crewmembers at their stations (
The Federal Register,
n.d)
Class B
: There’s sufficient access during flight for a crewmember to extinguish a fire without
entering the compartment. The access points must prevent the spread of smoke, flames, or
extinguishing agents to occupied compartments. Additionally, there must be a separate approved
smoke detector or fire detector system to give warning at the pilot or flight engineer station (
The
Federal Register,
n.d)
Class C
: Do not meet the requirements to be classified under Class A or B but have several
safety measures. These include a separate approved smoke detector or fire detector system to
5
provide warning to the pilot or flight engineer station (
The Federal Register,
n.d) a built-in fire
extinguishing/suppression system that can be controlled from within the cockpit, and means to
prevent the spread of smoke or fire to occupied compartments, and controlled ventilation and
drafts to aid in fire control (
The Federal Register,
n.d)
Class E
: Reserved solely for cargo carriage, Class E compartments have safety features such as a
separate approved smoke or fire detector warning system for the pilot or flight engineer station,
controls to shut off ventilating airflow that are accessible to the crew from the crew compartment
(
The Federal Register,
n.d) mechanisms to prevent smoke or noxious gasses from entering the
crew compartment, and accessible emergency exits under any cargo loading condition (
The
Federal Register,
n.d)
5.
A cockpit voice recorder must be designed and installed in a manner that it can record
what information?
The cockpit voice recorder must enable recording of various essential information. This includes
voice communications transmitted to or received in the airplane via radio (Holt & Poynor, 2016)
voice conversations among flight crew members on the flight deck and through the airplane's
interphone system (Holt & Poynor, 2016), voice or audio signals that identify navigation or
approach aids heard through headsets or speakers , communications made via the passenger
loudspeaker system (if available and within specified requirements), and, if applicable, datalink
communications through an approved data message set (Holt & Poynor, 2016).
6
References
Holt, M. J. (2016). Chapter 9: Airworthiness RequirementsP. J. Poynor (Ed.), Air Carrier
Operations (2nd ed., p. 203). Aviation Supplies & Academics
The Federal Register
. Federal Register :: Request Access. (n.d.).
https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-25/subpart-D
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