AS254 report

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Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University *

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254

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Industrial Engineering

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Dec 6, 2023

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C-130Js or A400Ms for the South African Air Force Noah Courtney Introduction The South African Air Force (SAAF) Chief of Staff has been tasked with deciding whether to acquire 3 A400Ms or 6 C-130Js for the SAAF to most cost effectively support South African defense requirements. This report aims to provide an analysis of the mission fit and cost- effectiveness of both options, taking into account the specific mission requirements of Emergency Deployment, Disaster Response, Recovery of endangered or distressed South African citizens, and Support for Peacekeeping operations. The report will also consider other factors such as the capabilities of the aircraft, their reliability, and their maintenance requirements. Mission Requirements Emergency Deployment of the combined arms team is carried out twice a year. AFB Waterkloof (Johannesburg) to any airfield in SA. Typical 1300 nm round trip (no fuel at offload points). Life requirements consist of 6 AW-109 helicopters. 53 vehicles [18 RG-34s, 8 RG-32s, 27 SAMIL 20s]. 400 personnel. 350 tons of palletized cargo, i.e. additional to what will be carried in trucks. Regional disaster response missions are carried out twice a year. 2400 nm round trip (fuel available at offload points). Lift requirements consist of 12 SAMIL 20s, 4 RG-32s, 115 personnel. Recovering endangered or distressed SA citizens is carried out 12 times a year. They are anywhere in Sub-Saharan Africa. Up to 5,000 nm roundtrip (fuel available enroute). 4 RG-32s, 24 personnel. Support for Peacekeeping operations is separated by one force rotation a year and routine administrative support. The one force rotation/year is up to 7,500 nm roundtrip (fuel available enroute). Lifting 18 RG-32s, 12 RG-34s, 120 tons of palletized cargo, 3 AW-109s, 240 personnel. The Routine administrative support is 26 bi-weekly flights/year. Typical lift requirements for each flight are 8 tons or less of palletized cargo and 30 personnel. Cost Considerations

The C-130J has an acquisition cost of $95M with a flight-hour cost (parts, fuel, etc.) of $5,500. The Personnel necessary for an aircraft is 32 (includes five pilots, three loadmasters, eight mechanics, and 16 base support and security personnel) at average “cost-of-service” of $80,000 per individual per year (includes salaries, benefits, retirement). The A400M has an acquisition cost of $170M with a flight-hour cost (parts, fuel, etc.) of $9,000. It needs 35 personnel per aircraft that includes five pilots, five loadmasters, nine mechanics, and 16 base support personnel at an average “cost-of-service” of $80,000 per individual per year (includes salaries, benefits, retirement). Mission Fit Mission CEs year Round Trip (RT) Dist. (nm) Total 130J RTs/yr Total A400 M RTs/yr Total 130J 6-year Flt Hrs Total 400M 6-year Flt Hrs Total 130J 6-year Flt Hr Costs Total 400M 6- year Flt Hr Costs Emergency Deployment 2 1300 102 58 2,782 1,045 $4,504,500 $3,184,329 Disaster Response 2 2400 16 10 576 296.9 $3,168,00 $2,672,100 Recovered Endangered or distressed SA Citizens 12 5000 24 12 1,800 742.3 $9,900,000 $6,680,700

Peacekeeping 1 7500 56 46 6,300 4,268 $34,650,00 0 $38,412,00 0 The C-130J is able to satisfy all the requirements as shown in the chart above. It has a cruising speed of 400 mph and a max payload of 45,000 pounds. This is however slower and carries less payload than the A400M; there are twice as many C-130 J's fully allowing this aircraft to fulfill the mission while providing more redundancy. The A400M is able to satisfy all the requirements as shown in the chart above. It has a cruising speed of 485 mph and a max payload of 82,000 pounds. Despite only having three of these aircraft. It is made up for by payload capacity and speed. Resource Requirements The total flight hours required for six C-130s during the first six years of operations is 9,495 hours. 192 personnel are also required at a minimum. The total flight hours required for three A400Ms during the first six years of operations is 5,661 hours. 105 personnel are also required at a minimum. Costs The total cost for C-130Js over 6 years is $52,222,500. Emergency Deployment costs $4,504,500. Disaster Response costs $3,168,000. Recovered Endangered or distressed SA Citizens costs $9,900,000. Peacekeeping costs $34,650,000. The total cost for A400Ms over 6 years is $50,949,129. Emergency Deployment costs $3,184,329. Disaster Response costs $2,672,100. Recovered Endangered or distressed SA Citizens costs $6,680,700. Peacekeeping costs $38,412,000

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Recommendation Reporting to the South African Air Force (SAAF) Chief of Staff on whether 3 A400Ms or 6 C- 130Js would most cost effectively support South African defense requirements. The Chief indicated that his primary concern was mission fit and cost. This report aimed to provide an analysis of the mission fit and cost-effectiveness of both options, taking into account the specific mission requirements of Emergency Deployment, Disaster Response, Recovery of endangered or distressed South African citizens, and Support for Peacekeeping operations. The report also considered other factors such as the capabilities of the aircraft. The A400Ms get the mission done with fewer flights and slightly cheaper; however you only have three of those aircraft compared to the six C-130Js. I would recommend the C-130Js because you have double the aircraft of the A400Ms. It is slightly more expensive and requires more flights to carry out the missions but it provides redundancy unlike the limited A400Ms.

AS254 report

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