Miller_LabReport_Lab10.docx
pdf
keyboard_arrow_up
School
University of Maryland, College Park *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
385
Subject
Industrial Engineering
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
8
Uploaded by ColonelFinchPerson793
Motor Control and Learning (KNES 385) – Laboratory #8 (assignment #7)
Laboratory 10 – Motor practice
Data analysis and discussion
Student name: _______Madison Miller______
Section:___0101___
Instruction to generate and submit the lab report
Please read and follow carefully the instructions below
The present document states the questions you will include on your response sheet for this lab.
Please remember that this lab report is an
individual assignment
You will turn in your response
sheet in PDF format and your finished Excel sheet separately as a .xlxs format to Canvas before
your next lab period begins.
Your work will include inputting and processing the data given to you in the Data.xlsx file on
Canvas to answer the questions for this lab. Most of the time you will also have to create figures
(graphs) to display these data to explain them or use a data table. For the data processing you
will use the Excel file mentioned above (provided on ELMS) to input the data collected and
derive the required measures. Any figures will also be created in the Excel file. For the
calculation questions, please copy and paste the Excel tables into the provided response sheet (do
not include screenshot of Excel tables in the report). For the questions asking for figures please
copy and paste (as a picture) the Excel figure (do not include screenshot of Excel graphs in the
report).
• Once the work is done and you are ready to turn it in, the response document must be converted
into a PDF file. The PDF must be titled with the last name and lab number such as
“Lastname_LabReport_LabX.pdf” (for example the lab 1 report for the student John Doe will be
“Doe_LabReport_Lab1.pdf”). Use ‘_’ instead of spaces.
• Once the work is done you must also turn in the Excel file. This Excel file should be renamed
“Lastname_ExcelCalc_LabX.xlsx” (for example the lab 1 report for the same student John Doe
will be “Doe_ExcelCalc_Lab1.xlsx”).
• Then, once both your PDF file and Excel file are ready to be submitted, please upload them to
ELMS and make sure to submit them by the deadline.
If you have any questions, please contact your TA.
1
Motor Control and Learning (KNES 385) – Laboratory #8 (assignment #7)
1/ Data analysis and discussion (9 points)
Question #1 –
Using the equations provided in Appendix 1 at the end of this
document, compute the CE values for the x-dimensions for EACH participant and
EACH trial (all trials of the pre-test, practice and post-test period).
Include Table
2.A and 2.C here.
Points:2
Question #1 (ctd.) –
Using the equations provided in Appendix 1 at the end of
this document, compute the CE values for the x-dimensions for EACH participant
and EACH trial (all trials of the pre-test, practice and post-test period).
Include
Table 2.B here.
Points: 1
2
Motor Control and Learning (KNES 385) – Laboratory #8 (assignment #7)
Question #2 –
Calculate the average and standard deviation for CE across both
participants (i.e., for the population) for the pre-test and post-test trials.
Include
Table 3 here.
Points: 3
3
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Motor Control and Learning (KNES 385) – Laboratory #8 (assignment #7)
Question #3 –
Calculate the average and standard deviation for CE across both
participants (i.e., for the population) the first five practice trials (i.e., early practice
period) and five last practice trials (i.e., late practice period).
Include Table 4
here.
Points: 3
2/ Discussion of the results (11 points)
Question #4-
Create Figure 1 using Tables 2A-C, plot the CE for each participant
and each trial in the pre-test, (all) practice and post-test periods. Figure 1 should be
a scatter or line graph where the color of the line represents each participant denoted
by a legend on the figure. The vertical axis (y-) will represent the CE scores and the
horizontal axis (x-) will represent the pre-test, practice, and post-test trial numbers.
Add a title, caption and legend to the figure so that someone from outside our class
would be able to understand the information.
Include Figure 1 (timeseries of all
trials) and caption here.
Points: 1.5
Figure 1:
Represents the relationship between both participants' ability to throw a
dart at the dartboard during the Pre-Test (prior practice), Practice (with goggles), and
Post-Test (no practice) periods. The X axis represents the different periods (Pre,
Practice, Post) and their according trial numbers. The Y axis shows the average CE
values among both participants during the different periods and within the different
trials.
4
Motor Control and Learning (KNES 385) – Laboratory #8 (assignment #7)
Question #5 –
Discuss how the data you collected compares to Figure 1 in the
Fernandez-Ruiz & Diaz paper. Explain similarities or differences.
Your answer
should be at least 2-3 sentences.
Point: 1
The data collected in Figure 1 as compared to Figure 1 in Fernandez- Ruiz & Diaz
case study reveals numerous similarities and differences. To start, there are many
similarities between the pre-test trials in which the consistency in maintaining within
the
same value range reveals that the CE value was consistency/ accuracy in
throwing among
participants throwing at a specific distance (this experiment: 5-10ft),
and
from
varying
distances
(10,20,30
diopter
prisms).
This
also
examines
no
influence on the participant’s performance abilities as it was based on their prior
practice/ experience. Meanwhile, for the practice and post-test conditions there are
differences in which in this experiment the practice trials were fairly steady/ constant
and the post-test trials were a fluctuating increase. As for the Ferndandez-Ruiz & Diaz
case, the practice trials were on steady decline, while the post test trials were fairly
consistent. Altogether this reveals that the lower CE value (decline) means that there
was minimal adaptation required in making the task easier in allowing for better
performance results, while the spike (higher) CE value indicates complications in
taking longer and higher error rates to adapt to the stimulus.
Question #6 -
Using Table 3, create Figure 2 using the average and standard
deviation computed across participants for the pre-test and post-test periods, plot the
average ± standard deviation for the CE for both the pre-test and pos-test periods.
Figure 2 should include one panel with bars graphs. The vertical axis (y-) will
represent the CE (in cm) and the horizontal axis (x-) will represent the pre-test and
post-test period. Add a title and a caption to the figure so that someone from outside
our
class
would
be
able
to understand the information.
Include Figure 2
(averaged CE during pre- and post-tests with error bars) and caption
here.
Point: 1
Figure 2:
Represents the relationship between both participants' ability to throw a
dart at the dartboard during the Pre-Test (prior practice) and Post-Test (no practice)
periods. The X axis represents the different periods as being the Pre-Test and Post-
Test. The Y axis shows the average CE (cm) values for both participants during the
5
Motor Control and Learning (KNES 385) – Laboratory #8 (assignment #7)
different periods. The error bars mark the standard deviation obtained within each
period for both participants.
Question #7 –
Was CE lower in the pre-test or post-test? Is this in line with your
expectations? Why or why not?
Your answer should be at least 2-3 sentences.
Point: 1
It becomes apparent that the CE was much lower in the pre-test than the post-test. In
this case, this was expected as with having prior practice throws before the pre-test
trials, participants need few to little adjustments which allowed them to throw the dart
as close to the target as possible with much consistency that exemplifies their
previous experience in their ability to throw a dart. This is also understandable as
there was no influence on their capabilities to throw the dart in having full vision (no
goggles) allowed them to have an overall better performance. Therefore, vs. the
post-test
condition
that
had an aftereffect of altering vision (with goggle/ vision
distortion), it enabled a higher CE value that ideally caused participants to fixate their
aim in order to adapt from switching back to normal vision after the influence of the
goggles which led to much higher error rates/ worse performance.
Question #8 -
Using Table 4, create Figure 3 using the average and standard
deviation computed across participants for the early and late practice periods (i.e.,
for the population; see Table 4), plot the average ± standard deviation for the CE for
both the early and late practice periods. Figure 3 should include one panel with two
bars. The vertical axis (y-) will represent the CE and the horizontal axis (x-) will
represent the early and late practice periods. Add a title and a caption to the figure
so that someone from outside our class would be able to understand the information.
Include Figure 3 (averaged CE in Early and Late Practice with error
bars) and caption here.
Point: 1
Figure 3:
Represents the relationship between both participants' ability to throw a dart
at the dartboard during early practice and late practice. The X axis represents the
different time periods as being early or late practice. The Y axis shows the average
CE values for both participants during the different time periods. The error bars mark
the standard deviation obtained within each period for both participants.
6
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Motor Control and Learning (KNES 385) – Laboratory #8 (assignment #7)
Question #9–
Describe your group members’ performances over time during the
30 practice trials. What do these performance changes (or lack thereof) indicate?
Your answer should be at least 2-3 sentences.
Points: 1.5
The results reveal that our group members’ performance had various performance
changes during the 30 practice trial. To start, as referring to figure 1, Participant 1’s
results were pretty consistent with minimal spikes in numbers with the lowest CE
value being -15, but generally staying between the -3 to 3 range. As for Participant 2,
their results fluctuated very much during the practice trials with the lowest CE being
-15, and other values wavering between the lowest CE (-15) and highest CE (4).
Considering this, it can be concluded that Participant 1 had effectively adapted to the
stimulus of deterred vision of wearing the goggles since most of their thrown darts
were either exactly on point of the target or close by. As for participant 2, the ranging
numbers from the negative CE values indicating ‘undershooting’ the target, and the
positive CE values indicating ‘overshooting’ the target shows that they may have
lacked improvements in their performance but were constantly refining their throwing
technique for consistency (ex. aim left to shoot right) in order to reach the target.
Question #10–
Do your results demonstrate adaptation? Why or why not? Justify
your response.
Your answer should be at least 2-3 sentences.
Points: 1.5
Considering
all,
our
results
do
demonstrate
adaptation.
This
is
because
when
examining Figure 2, although both participants were consistent in the pre-test as
obtaining a low CE average of 0.50 for performance due to nothing influencing their
ability to complete the task, the higher CE average of 2.25 within the post-test
exemplifies that much adaptation had occured in order for participants to adjust to the
stimulus (blurred goggles) and changes in sensory information (lack of vision). With
this, it also becomes present in Figure 1 as showing the data fluctuate continuously in
the transition from the practice period to the post-test period in which the high/low
peaks indicate the effect of practice on participants performance in adjusting their
movements to accommodate to changes of vision alterations in order to achieve the
goal of hitting the target as best as possible.
Question #11 -- 1-2 sentence response for each item:
a) What is an aftereffect?
b) Which experimental phase does the aftereffect occur in?
c) What are the implications of an aftereffect?
Points: 2
7
Motor Control and Learning (KNES 385) – Laboratory #8 (assignment #7)
d) What does it mean if one participant has a larger aftereffect?
e) Why are aftereffects important?
a)
An aftereffect is the ability to perceive an incoming stimulus after repeated exposure
(ex. through multi- trials) to this specific stimulus. Typically, it is the main indicator in
which adaptation has occurred or not.
b)
The affereffect typically occurs in the post-test phase in which the participant will then
test their ability to perform a task after having prior exposure to the stimulus once
through pro-longed practice (practice period).
c)
Some implications of an aftereffect is that it can be beneficial in analyzing components
of neural mechanisms that make up our perception to perceive a stimulus. Therefore, in
the ability to perform a task (ex. with goggles/ no goggles) it can help us acknowledge
how our brain works to process the inputs and utilize them to adapt to the influence of
sensory information.
d)
Ideally, if one participant has a larger aftereffect it means that there was overall greater
sensitivity or influence from the stimulus that enabled to alter their ability to perform/
complete a task. With this, it could be examined that it took longer for the participant to
adapt after practice and going into the post-test period.
e)
It can be claimed that affereffects are important/ essential in understanding how our
brains work to adapt to various sensory inputs (such as those affecting vision,
motion,etc.). These factors alone can play a huge role in our ability to comprehend a
stimulus, and enable one’s cognitive ability to (re)learn and/or adjust to sensory
changes.
Question #12--
The comparison between pre-test and post-test is interesting and
tells us about sensorimotor adaptation, which type of test could be employed to
assess the notion of permanency (a critical characteristics of motor learning)?
Your
answer should be at least 1 sentence.
Points: 0.25
In order to assess the notion of permanency (exisiting for indefinite time frame), the
ideal test to examine senssorimotor adaptation would be the retention test. This is
because it allows us to evaluate how much we have thoroughly learned of the skill,
ability to maintain it overtime, and actively perform it without (prior) practice.
8