Lecture 2

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Oct 30, 2023

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GE 142 – Design I Photography Luca Onniboni / Unsplash
Friday Oct 22 Announcements Today’s Learning Outcomes Review of Last Day Types of Design Problems Accepting Design Problems Engineering Logbooks Assignment 1 (Engineering Logbooks I) An Introduction to Problem Definition Looking Ahead The Final Word
Announcements last week’s notes and lecture video are posted today’s notes are too; lecture video later today
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Today’s Learning Outcomes today, we continue into CLO1 Utilize an Engineering Design Mindset RLO 1.1 recognize, define, compare, and use terms and concepts employed in engineering design RLO 1.2 identify, develop, and characterize a basic engineering design problem and we start into CLO2 Demonstrate Technical Communication Skills in Design RLO 2.1 maintain an effective design logbook
Today’s Learning Outcomes specifically, by the end of today you will … be able to reflect upon the types and characteristics of design problems (inc. those that you may prefer) be able to reflect on your acceptance of design problems, be able to maintain an effective engineering logbook, and be able to start describing the detailed components of the Problem Definition phase of design but first, a review of last day …
The Nature of Engineering Design in engineering, we seek to understand a problem , and then solve it by using math and science and applying values the end result is a plan to build something … and sometimes the building of what is planned engineers as applied scientists engineers as applied ethicists engineers vs. engineering technologists
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The Nature of Engineering Design engineers use “engineering design processes” to guide their design efforts; there are several types these design processes have steps and they guide us on how to do “good design” every other course you ever take is ultimately meant to enable you to do better design; 90% of the time, design is the endgame
Motivating the Value of Design design takes a lot of effort, skill and time why not just go with the first solution you think of? answer(s): it’s quality control, due diligence, professionalism, and consistency of work product it’s the recognition that you don’t know everything and won’t understand the problem without effort when you “fake it”, you lose all those merits
Motivating the Value of Problem Definition we believe that Problem Definition is the most important step in a design process; why? Optimal Solution You are here
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Motivating the Value of Problem Definition Problem Definition (PD) is what most designers do most poorly (think of all the designs you dislike) many design failures can be traced back to PD why is this the case, if PD is so important? laziness – it’s a whole lot easier to not do PD well arrogance – designer thinks they know the answer ignorance – designer thinks they know the answer disinterest – want to get to the “fun stuff”, don’t care time pressure – first thing cut in a time crunch
Motivating the Value of Problem Definition top designers think Problem Definition is fun i.e. it’s exploratory and an opportunity to learn Problem Definition requires research, talking with (potential) clients, empathy, insight … hard work Problem Definition is the primary focus of GE 142 i.e. CLO 1: utilize an engineering design mindset , and RLO 1.2: identify, develop and characterize a basic engineering design problem
You are asked to work on developing a water purification system for underserved communities. You are asked to work on developing a carbon- neutral heating system. You are asked to work on developing a lucrative social media platform.
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“Good” Design Problems are all relative … to you do they align with your values? do you like problems with social impact, high profit potential, environmental impact, or a combination? are they clear (or not)? some people like solving vague problems because they like the freedom unclear problems can provide will they have important outcomes? will solving the problem positively change the world or prevent disaster?
“Good” Design Problems do people need them solved? good design problems involve people who care that their problem gets solved is the scope manageable? good design problems can be solved (given your time, expertise, and resources) are they of the right “type” (for you)? there are various types of design problems and you will likely prefer some more than others based on open-endedness, level, and disciplinary interests …
Types of Design Problems three dimensions that we will touch upon today … the degree to which a design problem is open/closed the level of a design problem the degree to which a design problem is mono/multi- disciplinary
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You are given popsicle sticks and glue, and you are asked to make a bridge across a specific span. The bridge should support as much weight as possible. You are tasked with designing a piece of cardboard furniture that would be useful to, and valued by, those living in refugee camps. You are asked to find a good design problem and the people who would need it solved, and then solve it. We will look at each of these types in this course
Types of Design Problems the degree to which a design problem is open/closed closed design problems have a relatively limited number of variables that can be manipulated in the design open design problems have a relatively unlimited number of variables that can be manipulated real-life design is often in the middle i.e. along a continuum … open closed
Design a camera system for a spacecraft that will visit Jupiter and take pictures of the planet. Design the shutter component of a digital camera that will fly on a spacecraft that will visit Jupiter to take pictures. Design a spacecraft to visit Jupiter where it will take pictures of the planet. You will do each of these levels of design in GE 143 – Design II
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Types of Design Problems the level of a design problem Conceptual – you get to come up with the “big idea” Intermediate/Preliminary/Configuration/Sub-system – you are given the concept; you get to come up with the parts or sub-systems and how they fit together Detailed/Component – the concept and configuration have been decided upon; you get to design the components under the constraints of how they must interact with other components plane train car plane - which airline - direct/indirect WestJet - flights, class, seats, luggage, drop-offs
Types of Design Problems the level of a design problem Conceptual – the “big idea” Intermediate/Preliminary/Configuration – parts and fit Detailed – the components and interactions who does each level? often based on experience and/or entrepreneurial nature do they relate to the open/closed nature of design? conceptual are usually more open (but not always), detailed are usually more closed (but not always) they illustrate the iterative nature of design we repeat the design process at each level
Design a mechanical gear for a vehicle. Design an electronic sensor that detects carbon monoxide. Design a chemical production process for a petrochemical plant.
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Types of Design Problems the degree to which a design problem is mono- or multi-disciplinary who is needed to help develop a good solution? may depend on the level of the design problem might not be known until after the problem definition and/or conceptual solution is determined may be known by the broad problem type e.g. need a bridge what about “big” complex problems? generally need many types of engineers and non-engineers why are there “engineering firms”? have different types/skill sets ready to go (think about medical specialties in a big city hospital versus a small rural one)
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Types of Design Problems the 3 dimensions (open/closed, level, mono/multi- disciplinary) interact in a complex manner there are other ways to classify design problems too e.g. by … temporal scope (short/mid/long term perspectives), social impact (how much i.e. social engineering?), cultural context (e.g. Western, Indigenous)
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Accepting Design Problems sometimes you get to choose a design problem sometimes they are assigned to you ultimately, you need to decide whether you will accept (or embrace) the problem the nature of it the scope of it it’s about “buy in”, caring and enthusiasm seems easy, but sometimes it’s not that easy just wait until your group project … and don’t forget that you need everyone to care/buy in
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Engineering Logbooks a key way that engineers keep track of their work a bound book for recording ideas and WIP (work in progress) has legal standing for intellectual property (IP), decision-making, due diligence, legitimacy of gathered data, etc. generally, one (or more) logbooks per project used to gather lots of different types of information why are there no good “digital logbooks”?
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Engineering Logbooks positive qualities of logbook entries neat/legible can you/others read them (months later)? well organized can you find information in your logbook easily? clear/make sense do you understand what you wrote? informative/valuable 6 months later, are entries worth reading? NOT a diary dated/timed/written in pen start with date, start time of entry, end time of entry, write in pen (pencils for sketches) … why do all this?
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Engineering Logbooks let’s look at some examples … legible, organized, makes sense, informative, dated/timed/pen
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Engineering Logbooks let’s look at some examples … legible, organized, makes sense, informative, dated/timed/pen
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Engineering Logbooks let’s look at some examples … legible, organized, makes sense, informative, dated/timed/pen
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Engineering Logbooks let’s look at some examples … legible, organized, makes sense, informative, dated/timed/pen
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Engineering Logbooks different types of logbook entries design-relevant class notes (e.g. GE 142 labs/lectures) annotated references/URLs (to help find resources) sketches/illustrations (technical sketching!) meeting agendas (before meetings, have a plan) minutes of interviews/meetings (record what happens) records of decisions (clearly record who decided what) calculations (you’re an engineer!) lists of ideas (show that you considered options) rationale for decisions (why did you make a decision?)
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Engineering Logbooks contact information (emails, phone, addresses etc) tables of data/charts (gathering data, format it well) plans/schedules (sketches) drafts (of problem statements, value propositions, etc) time tracking (it’s how you get paid sometimes) to do lists/action items (to keep track of your tasks) budgets/costings (often important in projects) other problem-specific types of information ???
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Engineering Logbooks engineering logbook “ don’ts ” tape/glue in stuff (store loose-leaf materials in a file) rip out stuff (cross out, don’t rip out) erase stuff (cross out, don’t erase)
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Design I - Assignment 1 it’s your first logbook submission put your name on it, and contact information! out today, due Friday Nov 19 by 5 pm largely focused on your Assignment 2 preparations (starting next week) but you can also make notes from design labs over the next couple of weeks it will mostly be part of doing other work, so it’s not much extra work let’s look at the assignment and rubric …
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An Intro to Problem Definition Problem Definition includes: Background and Motivations Problem Identification/Statement Value Proposition Scope Functions Criteria/Objectives Constraints/Specs Stakeholders Service Environment
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Looking Ahead you can begin to use your logbook next Friday’s lecture: Problem Definition “the” (North American) Design Process next week is also the first lab class: Blocks L03/L04 - Mon at 8:30 am with Dr. Maw Blocks L09/L10 - Mon at 12:30 pm with Dr. Kennell Blocks L01/L02 - Wed at 12:30 pm with Dr. Kennell Blocks L07/L08 - Fri at 8:30 am with Dr. Maw Blocks L05/L06 - Fri at 12:30 pm with Dr. Kennell bring your logbook and laptop!
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The Final Word “ The irrational always precedes the rational ” Norman Ball, Canadian Engineering Historian
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