GE 142 Lecture 4 Problem Defn Review Research Assign 4 and Groups Nov 5 2021 Final

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Oct 30, 2023

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GE 142 Design I Photography Luca Onniboni / Unsplash
Friday Nov 5 Announcements Today’s Learning Outcomes Review of Last Day Finishing Up Problem Definition Introducing Design Processes Researching Design Problems Assignment 4 Group Work/Dynamics Looking Ahead The Final Word
Announcements Type A Unit 1 Quiz is due today based on Design lectures 1 and 2
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Today’s Learning Outcomes today, we continue with CLO1 Utilize an Engineering Design Mindset RLO 1.1 recognize, define, compare, and use terms and concepts employed in engineering design RLO 1.2 identify, develop, and characterize a basic engineering design problem
Today’s Learning Outcomes s pecifically, by the end of today you will … be able to list and order the steps in a North American engineering design process, be able to describe how to conduct valid research for a design problem, and be able to start building a constructive dialogue with your Assignment 4 group members, b ut first, a review of last day …
An Intro to Problem Definition Problem Definition includes: Background and Motivations Problem Identification/Statement Value Proposition Scope Functions Criteria/Objectives Constraints/Specs Stakeholders Service Environment
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An Intro to Problem Definition Problem Definition includes: Background and Motivations Problem Identification/Statement Value Proposition Scope Functions Criteria/Objectives Constraints/Specs Stakeholders Service Environment
Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Background and Motivations s tudy “around” the problem i.e. not very focused a lways ask “why?” helps identify stakeholders and clients history of the problem context (cultural, economic, social, etc) other solutions ... why they don’t solve “the problem” why do this problem?
Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Identification/Statement one sentence (not a run-on!) summarizes/says what your problem is includes elements such as, but not necessarily all of: who has the problem (stakeholders) key criteria/objectives key constraints frequency of need e lements of scope (the “level” of the problem) key functions that must be addressed
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Identification/Statement The 5 Why’s how do we find the “real” problem? we dig, by asking “why” … 3 -5 times this method was developed by Sakichi Toyoda (of Toyota fame) to find the root cause of a problem ultimately, this technique is very good at revealing your main design objectives, which are usually worth including in your Problem Statement
Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Identification/Statement try not to imply a solution, though scope may restrict it PS must be correct , concise and precise the PS is the hardest, and most important part, of defining your problem ... it will always be your touchstone
Problem Definition Detailed Introduction My client needs to count fish. ABC Fishfarm needs to count its fish. ABC Fishfarm needs to accurately count its fish each month for inventory control. ABC Fishfarm needs to accurately count its mature fish each month for inventory control. Fish farms need to accurately count mature fish each month for inventory control. Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately count mature fish each month for inventory control. one sentence who has the problem key criteria/objectives key constraints frequency of need the “level” of the problem key functions to be addressed d oesn’t imply solution correct, concise, precise
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Value Proposition what makes you (your product/service) attractive to customers and clients summarizes why a consumer should buy your product or service, over competing offerings use it to target customers who will benefit most from your product/service it differentiates you from the competition a promise from you to your customers
Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Value Proposition clearly and concisely explains how your product or service solves a pain point ideally appeals to a customer's strongest decision- making drivers i t’s the flip side of a problem statement
Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Statement Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately count mature fish each month for inventory control. Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately and cost effectively count mature fish each month for inventory control to enhance customer service. Value Proposition Canadian West Coast salmon farms will be able to accurately and inexpensively count their stock each month, enhancing inventory control and customer service.
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Statement Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately count mature fish each month for inventory control. Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately and cost effectively count mature fish each month, at less than 1¢ per fish, for enhanced inventory control and customer service. Value Proposition Canadian West Coast salmon farms will be able to accurately and inexpensively count their stock each month, enhancing inventory control and customer service.
Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Scope the limits/boundaries/breadth/depth of your problem what needs to get done; sets expectations identifies what you will look at/consider and what you will not look at/consider e.g. will only focus on need for identifying gestating pigs should characterize your user group should characterize the target environment of use (geography, climate, socioeconomic, political, etc) get sign off on scope (to avoid scope creep)
Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Statement Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately count mature fish each month, at less than 1¢ per fish, for enhanced inventory control and customer service. Scope Canadian West Coast salmon farms count mature stock do what with the count?
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Functions what a solution “must do” to “work” or ”be effective” primary functions are what your artefact/process is designed to do … the true “must do’s” e.g. must clean water, must gather data, must identify gestating pigs format: must <verb> adverbs or adverbial phrase and/or objects of the action verb good functions are solution independent; they don’t unnecessarily constrain solutions; they say WHAT must be done, not HOW
Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Functions functions set a boundary on the solution space (like constraints); they don’t say what the best solution is secondary functions are sub-functions that come along for the ride or enable primary functions e.g. Primary - design must secure a bicycle from theft Secondary - design must release a bicycle for use
Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Statement Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately count mature fish each month, at less than 1¢ per fish, for enhanced inventory control and customer service. Functions count salmon determine whether a salmon is mature
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Criteria/Objectives qualities that we’ll use to measure the “goodness” of your alternative solutions i.e. quantitative, with directionality what your users/clients/stakeholders and you, value what things make a solution better/best does “should” clearly express objectives or constraints? No d oes “shall” clearly express constraints? Yes
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Criteria/Objectives “the XXX, the better” presents it clearly e.g. durability : the more durable, the better e.g. cost : the lower the cost, the better each objective should include i) a name/label, ii) a definition (for clarity), and iii) a metric to assess it many criteria/objectives have accompanying constraints e.g. cost they should not overlap or you’ll double -count them
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Statement Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately count mature fish each month, at less than 1¢ per fish, for enhanced inventory control and customer service. Objectives The more accurate the count, the better The better the inventory control, the better The better the inventory control, the better The greater the enhancement of inventory control, the better The greater the enhancement of customer service, the better The lower the cost, the better? Health and safety? The environment?
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Constraints/Specifications the “must be’s” or quantitative “must do’s” (goals) performance or qualitative boundaries that separate feasible solutions from non-feasible solutions each should include i) a name/label, ii) a definition (for clarity), and iii) a value to assess it come in different varieties: logistical e.g. must be completed within 2 weeks; qualitative e.g. must be black; specific performance e.g. must purify 2 L/min binary true/false; all equally important
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Statement Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately count mature fish each month, at less than 1¢ per fish, for enhanced inventory control and customer service. Constraints Must cost less than 1¢ per fish, per count
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Stakeholders: those with interests in your work users/operators (use your solution) clients (pay for your solution) investors (financially develop your solution) intermediaries (stand between you/clients/users) authorizers (allow purchase/use of your solution) communities/chambers/groups/agencies/NGOs (affected by your solution) politicians/governments (vested interest in solution)
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Statement Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately count mature fish each month, at less than 1¢ per fish, for enhanced inventory control and customer service. Stakeholders Canadian West Coast fish farms Customers of Cndn West Coast fish farms You and your design team West Coast fisheries The fish?
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New material …
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Service Environment the environment your design (solution) will operate in consider things like: inorganic aspects (temperature, dust, moisture, vibration, noise, sun, corrosion, radiation) living things (pets, insects, microbes, mold, etc) virtual aspects (wireless networks, cell phones, web, radio)
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Problem Statement Canadian West Coast salmon farms need to accurately count mature fish each month, at less than 1¢ per fish, for enhanced inventory control and customer service. Service Environment Canadian West Coast fish farms - temperature, water, turbidity, sun, snow, other fish, sea animals, kelp, etc. Operations/Maintenance staff - training, skills, availability, strength, etc. Virtual Environment - wireless networks?
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A Design “Process”
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A North American (Western) Design Process Identify, Accept, Characterize, Define the Problem Develop Alternative Solutions to the Problem Evaluate Alternative Solutions Pick the Best One Optimize It Iterate (complete this cycle for Conceptual, Intermediate, and Detailed Design … back & forth)
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An Intro to Problem Definition Problem Definition includes: Background and Motivations Problem Identification/Statement Value Proposition Scope Functions Criteria/Objectives Constraints/Specs Stakeholders Service Environment
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An Intro to Problem Definition Problem Definition includes: Background and Motivations Problem Identification/Statement Value Proposition Scope Functions Criteria/Objectives Constraints/Specs Stakeholders Service Environment
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Problem Definition Detailed Introduction Background and Motivations s tudy “around” the problem i.e. not very focused a lways ask “why?” helps identify stakeholders and clients history of the problem context (cultural, economic, social, etc) other solutions ... why they don’t solve “the problem” why do this problem?
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Researching Design Problems qualities to accentuate in ourselves open-mindedness curiosity empathy detail oriented roles to play investigator explorer
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Researching Design Problems activities to engage in interview potential clients/users/stakeholders ask questions e.g. why? learn about the general topic area of the problem investigate current solutions (benchmarks) listen and gather data review the literature on the problem resources? many available to you as USask students introducing Helen Power, Engineering Librarian
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Assignment #4 Group Problem Definition Project let’s take a look … final version will be posted in the next few days
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Assignment #4 take the next couple of weeks to find a “good” problem, but no longer than that r eview qualities of “good” problems w e will have a “problem idea” check -in the week of Nov 15 i.e. you can ask us what we think of your proposed design problem main thing: keep scope manageable, and come up with a technical problem (not just social) what bugs you? that will be the best source of ideas and inspiration
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engineers almost always work in teams some are cross-functional teams; others are within-function teams like sports teams, some engineering teams perform well while others do not on a continuum of performance, we can refer to: a) Pseudo-teams perform below expectations b) Potential teams perform like an average member c) Real teams communicate and are synergistic d) High-performance teams fully actualize potential Group Dynamics & Teamwork
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the first 3 stages involving organizing , while the last stage involves producing can get stuck at any stage The Tuckman Team Model
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meetings and agendas an agenda template … Call to Order Approve Agenda Approve Last Minutes Old/Ongoing Business Items New Business Action Items Next Meeting Adjournment Tools for Forming & Norming
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minutes they mirror agenda record i. key discussion points/ideas/opinions ii. dates and deadlines iii. all decisions, and how they were made n ot recorded by chair of meeting rotate who takes them? get them out to members ( photo→email ?) ASAP Tools for Forming & Norming
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plan to take time to deal with people problems build in expectations that no one is perfect set early deadlines for first deliverables joke and be positive as best you can s leep on issues … but don’t let them fester remember that ALL teams go through storming keep communication lines open separate people from the problem, if possible focus on process solutions that work for all Dealing with Storming
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Voting majority wins … any problems with this? weighted voting, by those most affected Consensus does not mean everyone agrees just that everyone agrees and/or is not against it Executive Decision Making for crisis times the team empowers certain members in certain circumstances to make these time-critical decisions Decision Making Processes
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some basic tips for group productivity: l et everyone speak (don’t dominate conversations) encourage those that are quiet, to speak listen and be engaged in discussions (not cellphones) d on’t judge quickly/prematurely (be open -minded) use respectful language critique ideas, not people have a logistical leader/coordinator set meetings that everyone can make be at meetings, on time distribute work playing to wants, needs, strengths Group Dynamics Tips
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Looking Ahead Type A Unit 1 Quiz due today next week, no classes! next Design lecture is Friday Nov 19 t he week you return … Assignment 2 due your lab day by midnight Assignment 3 comes out (Reflection), due next lab Assignment 1 (logs) due Friday Nov 19 at 5 pm Type A Unit 2 Quiz out Friday Nov 19 (due Nov 26)
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The Final Word Invention is rolling the dice; design is loading them Sean Maw
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