Lab 16_ Introduction to Skeletal Muscles Lab Exercises

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Lab 16: Introduction to Skeletal Muscles Lab Exercises Before completing these lab exercises, be sure to review the “ Lab 16: Introduction to Skeletal Muscles Background ” in Canvas. The following exercise is intended to be completed at the same time or after you have viewed the unit resources listed below. The “ Skeletal Muscle Identification Guide ” linked below is specifically designed for our class and contains the most important muscle actions and abbreviated origins and insertions to simplify student learning. It is highly recommended you use this identification guide when learning the muscle actions, origins and insertions. Although your textbook is a fabulous resource, you are not expected to memorize all the information about each muscle contained in your textbook. Resources Resources to help you complete the following activities: ● Resources and information linked in the “ Lab 16: Introduction to Skeletal Muscles Background ” page in Canvas, including: ○ Interactive Introduction to Skeletal Muscles ○ Skeletal Muscle Identification Guide ● Your textbook ○ Recommended Marieb and Hoehn Text: ■ Chapter 8 including section 8.4, Figure 8.5 and 8.6 (259-263) ■ Chapter 10 including Focus Figure 10.1 and Sections 10.1 to 10.5 ○ OpenStax A and P: ■ Chapter 9 including Section 9.5 , Figure 9.12 and 9.13 ■ Chapter 11 including Section 11.1 and Section 11.2 (naming of muscles) ● StudyMate Flashcards: Introduction to Skeletal Muscles Concepts Covered in this Lab ● Naming of body segments ● Naming of joints where movement occurs ● Identifying and naming actions caused by muscles ● Naming patterns for muscles BIO201 @ MCC Lab 16: Introduction to Muscles Lab Exercises, Page 1

Lab 16: Introduction to Skeletal Muscles Lab Exercise Questions Student Name: _________________ Vocabulary and Definitions Give a brief definition in your own words for the following terms using your textbook or a medical dictionary: https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical . 1. Define origin in the context of muscles. In a fixed position of the attachment site that does not contract. 2. Define insertion in the context of muscles. The movable end of a muscle when contracted that is attached to bone. 3. Define action in the context of muscles. The type of movement a muscle does. 4. Define antagonist in the context of muscles. It is the opposite action of the prime mover. 5. Give a brief definition in your own words for the following terms using your textbook or a medical dictionary: https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical . For the plane in which the action occurs, write in the frontal, sagittal or transverse plane. Action Definition Plane in which action occurs Flexion Decreases angles between bones Sagittal Extension Increases angle and straightens joint Sagittal Abduction Moves limbs laterally, away from midline of body Coronal / frontal Adduction brings the limb toward the body or across the midline Coronal / frontal Medial rotation brings the anterior surface of the limb toward the midline of the body Transverse Lateral rotation anterior surface moves away from the midline Transverse Action Definition Plane in which action occurs BIO201 @ MCC Lab 16: Introduction to Muscles Lab Exercises, Page 2

Elevation The upward movement Frontal Depression The downward movement Frontal Pronation Palms down Transverse Supination Palms up Transverse Plantar flexion Toes pointed down Transverse Dorsiflexion Toes flexed upward Transverse Inversion Faces the sole toward the midline Frontal or Oblique Eversion Moves the bottom (sole) of the foot away from the midline Frontal or Oblique Lateral flexion Bending of the neck or trunk toward the right or left side Coronal / frontal Body Segments 6. Body segments are bordered by a proximal and distal joint. List the proximal joint and distal joint to the following body segments and give a brief (one or two words) definition of each of the following body segments including the main bones (or bone groups) found in that body segment. Use the Interactive Introduction to Skeletal Muscles linked in the Resources section and your textbook to help you complete the chart. Body Segment Proximal joint Distal joint Description Main bone(s) in body segment Arm shoulder elbow Upper arm humerus Forearm Elbow Wrist Lower arm Ulna and radius Hand Wrist n/a Palm and fingers Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges Body Segment Proximal joint Distal joint Description Main bone(s) in body segment Thigh Hip Knee Upper leg Femur BIO201 @ MCC Lab 16: Introduction to Muscles Lab Exercises, Page 3

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Leg Knee Ankle Lower leg Tibia and fibula Foot Ankle n/a Toes and soles Tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges Head Spine n/a Face Facial and cranial bones Torso Cervical spine Hip Mid-section of body Ribs and spine Actions Moving Body Segments 7. Examine the body segments and joints listed and determine the main possible actions discussed in this class that can occur at each. The number of actions that occur for each body segment are listed in parentheses next to the body segment. Use the Interactive Introduction to Skeletal Muscles linked in the Resources section. Body Segment Actions Joint(s) where actions occur Digits (2) Extension, flexion Interphalangeal joints Hand (4) Flexion, extension, abduct, adduct Wrist Forearm (4) Pronation, supination, flexion, extension Elbow and forearm Arm (6) Flexion, extension, abduct, adduct, medial and lateral rotation Shoulder Scapula (4) Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction Scapulothoracic joint Body Segment Actions Joint(s) where actions occur Thigh (6) Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation Hip BIO201 @ MCC Lab 16: Introduction to Muscles Lab Exercises, Page 4

Leg (2) Flexion, extension Knee Foot (4) plantar flex, dorsiflex, invert, and evert Ankle Head (4) Flex, extend, lateral flex, and rotation Neck Torso (3) Flex, extend, rotate, lateral flex Spine Naming of Muscles Using the “ Lab 16: Introduction to Skeletal Muscles Background ” in Canvas and “ Skeletal Muscle Identification Guide ,” find a muscle named for each reason listed below. There is more than one correct answer for each question, but only one muscle needs to be listed for each question. 8. List one muscle named for the action it performs. Flexor carpi ulnaris 9. List one muscle named for the shape of the muscle. Deltoid 10.List one muscle named for the location of the muscle. Extensor carpi radialis longus 11.List one muscle named for the direction of the fibers of the muscle. Rectus femoris 12.List one muscle named for its origin or insertion. Tibialis Anterior 13.List one muscle named for the size of the muscle. Gluteus maximus 14.List one muscle named for the number of origins of the muscle. Triceps brachii BIO201 @ MCC Lab 16: Introduction to Muscles Lab Exercises, Page 5

Lab 16_ Introduction to Skeletal Muscles Lab Exercises

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