Empires of Asia—Questions
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Dec 6, 2023
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Mongols
1.
List the Mongol contributions in China and describe the Mongol influence on Chinese culture. There were many influences and contributions the Mongols had on China and its culture. One of the influences it had on China was their destructive nature. The Mongols brought out the destruction and strength in China, making it easy for the empire to grow. The Mongols also totally ignored and smothered, in a way, the Chinese’s culture. This made their culture diminish and take on more of the Mongol’s
harsh culture. However, this was quite helpful to them in the way that it made them see the strength and power in the Mongol’s ways.
2.
Why did the Mongols distrust the Confucian scholar-officials in China? There is one quite simple answer to this question. The Mongols didn’t trust
them because they had ideas that clashed with their own. They believed that they, and they alone, were correct. The scholar-officials’ ideas and suggestions clashed with what they wanted, so they had to be wrong. Hence, the distrust between them.
3.
Describe Mongol rule in China. The Mongol’s rule on China was strong and harsh. Though they were harsh and cruel, they were quite influential. They showed China the perks in being hard. They showed the Chinese the power you could get from the way they rule. The Mongols were able to
give the Chinese the opportunity to grow in the future by being so hard on them.
4.
Compare the rule of the first Genghis Khan with Kublai Khan
. In general, I feel like they had very similar rule styles. They were both extremely knowledgeable and skilled on the battlefield. They were also both extremely motivated to succeed as rulers. Genghis Khan was founder of the empire and Kublai Khan was able to expand and strengthen the empire. However, it seems that Genghis Khan was more focused on what he could do on the battlefield. This is a drastic difference from Kublai Khan, who not only worked on fighting, but also worked on keeping his empire strong and working on getting rid of other issues.
Vocabulary
: Define each of the following terms in complete sentences.
Ortogh—
were groups of people with the purpose of promoting long distance trade. They would band together to support their caravan together.
Square Script—
a written language created by a Mongolian monk.
Kamikaze—
two huge typhoons that attacked and damaged many Mongol ships.
Sedentary People—
Golden Horde—
the Mongolian rule that took over when Batu Khan invaded Russia.
Japan
1.
What is considered to be a major Japanese social value? Harmony is considered one of the most prized Japanese social values. However, it is not one that is easy to get. One thing many tried to use to achieve harmony was rituals to create a sense of connection in their group. People
tried to attain and sustain their achievement of this value so badly that regular rituals would be held for everyone, from political parties to research groups. They would also have a leader, of sorts. This leader would be the head of the group, especially if they were deceased.
2.
How did rice growing affect development of Japanese culture? It was their main crop. It was a major sustentation of their communities. It became a part of their lifestyle and was incorporated into most of their meals. It helped create jobs for thousands of people because it took so many hands
to raise and harvest their crop. It became a part of their daily lives, rice being more in their every meal than anything else they ate.
3.
Identify and explain three major developments of the Kofun period. One major change was the use of iron. This was actually one of the things that defined the new period. They used extensive amounts of iron, much more than they had used before. Another development was the shift that appeared in society. During this time, an aristocratic society emerged, accompanied by rulers that were very skilled and focused on their military. Also during this time was when Japan tried its hardest to be recognized as
a state. They achieved this around A.D. 57. 4.
Explain the role of Buddhism in medieval Japan. Buddhism was first introduced around A.D.538 by Korea. Some high class families liked this new religion and accepted it with open arms. However, there were many families less thrilled with this new religion. This caused these families to clash and become angry with each other for many years, until the Buddhist supporting families ended up triumphant. One of these families married into the imperial family, causing the spread of Buddhism throughout the empire. After that, the Emperors/Empresses adopted many
Confucian principles into their ruling, causing Buddhism to take a big part in the culture of the empire. Even Confucian rank systems and etiquette were accepted and put into use throughout the empire.
5.
What were the characteristics of "feudalism" in Japan? One of the characteristics was its land-based economy. Another was advanced military. Not only was the military advanced, but also so was their weaponry. This system also meant that if you were born into a certain trade, that’s where you stayed. The Japanese’s feudal system’s most important class was probably their warriors. Warfare was very important during this period, making the warriors extremely important.
6.
Describe the relationship between Shinto and Buddhism in Japan. Shinto was the first and only religion that was created in Japan. This religion also created a base for Japan and many of its traditions. Buddhism didn’t take away from the Shinto’s influence, but added to it. Buddhism added art and
ideas of reform to the culture, the likes of which Japan hadn’t encountered
before. I think the main relationship between these two religions is that Shinto was the main base for Japan’s religion and Buddhism accepted what Shinto had to offer while putting a new spin on it.
Vocabulary
: Define each of the following terms in complete sentences.
Shinto—
a religion that was created in Japan and was based on worshiping the spirits of ancestors and nature and a sacred power, called kami
, which was in everything.
Rituryo—
a governmental system that is based on the criminal, administrative, and civil codes.
Bakufu (2 meanings)—
1: a military government that was lead by a shogun. 2: referred to the headquarters of a military’s general located on a
battlefield. It implied that such control by the general was to be temporary.
Bushido—
the honor code that the samurai were to live by. Consisted of honor, loyalty, endurance, religious worship, etc.
Mandate of Heaven—
a Confucian principle that implied that the monarch ruled his empire at the will of a greater power.
China
1.
Explain the basic ideals of Confucianism and its role in Chinese society. The basic ideals of Confucianism social harmony, peace, virtue and goodness. Confucianism played a big role in Chinese society. Confucianism was a way of life for these people and it affected them daily. It made up a huge part of their culture. These ideals became something that everyone strove for and were looked for in friends and family.
2.
Describe the relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism in China. When Confucianism began to become popular in China, Buddhism started
to decline. This is because the Chinese considered Buddhism as something that didn’t have many good guidelines for life and for their problems. They found that Confucianism helped them with their problems and also gave them many great lifestyles to try to achieve. So the introduction of Confucianism really got rid of Buddhism, which had originally been the most popular. The empire found that this way of life was of the past, and that Confucianism was the future.
3.
Describe the Silk Road. What was it? Why was it important? The Silk Road was a large group of trade routes that linked many regions in China. It was very important for many reasons. One reason was the trade system. This route made it easy for traders to travel throughout the empire. Another reason is that this helped different cultures to meet up and adopt new traditions and religious ideas.
4.
What do you consider the most important contribution of the Song Dynasty? Explain your choice. I think one of the most important contributions of the Song Dynasty was their work on making centers of
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trade. Trade was critical to culture development and the spread of religion and ideals at this time. Trade was a good way to spread new ideas as well. People would share their new recipes or inventions at these centers to spread the news of their idea. Traditions were also spread and shared with these centers. Overall, I think that this was the most important contribution because of the communication that was shared and the ideas that were spread through these trade centers.