HIS 100 Module Four Activity Bias Template
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HIS 100 Module Four Activity Template: Bias in Primary Sources
Locate an additional primary source relevant to your historical event. Use it and the primary
source you identified in a previous module to answer the questions below. Replace the
bracketed text with your responses.
Source One
Conduct source analysis on a primary source relevant to your historical event.
Attempt to write the APA style citation for your first primary source and include a link to it. You
will not be penalized for incorrect format.
Decalogue of the “The Duties of the Sons of the People” by Andres Bonifacio
. (n.d.-b).
Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/govph/albums/72157638103064316/.
Respond to the following questions:
Who authored or created the primary source?
o
Andres Bonifacio
What was the author’s position in society at the time the primary source was created?
o
Andres Bonifacio, a key figure in the Philippine Revolution, was a Filipino
nationalist and revolutionary leader. He played a significant role in founding and
leading the Katipunan, a secret society dedicated to achieving Philippine
independence from Spanish colonial rule. Bonifacio was not part of the elite
ruling class or a prominent member of the educated elite. Instead, he came from a
lower socio-economic background and was associated with the working class. As
a result, Bonifacio's position in society at the time the primary source
"Decalogue" was created can be described as that of a marginalized individual
who sought to mobilize the masses and fight for the rights and liberation of the
Filipino people.
When was the primary source created?
o
There is no exact account of when the source was created, however, Filipino
historians have documented that the source was created at some point in 1892.
Where was the primary source created, released, or publicized?
o
The exact circumstances of creating and disseminating the "Decalogue" are not
well-documented. The exact location where the "Decalogue" document by Andres
Bonifacio was created is not specified in historical records. However, it is
believed to have been created in Manila, Philippines. Manila was the capital city
and a significant center of activity during the time of the Philippine Revolution.
The document remained internal to the Katipunan until Spanish authorities
discovered the society's existence in 1896, which eventually led to the outbreak of
the Philippine Revolution. During this period, the "Decalogue" gained more
visibility and became associated with the revolutionary movement.
1
Who was the intended audience for the primary source?
o
It is believed that the document was circulated among the members of the
Katipunan and used as a guide for their revolutionary activities. The "Decalogue"
was likely shared through secret meetings and communication channels within the
organization.
Why was the primary source created?
o
The primary source "Decalogue" was created by Andres Bonifacio with the
purpose of providing a set of guiding principles and objectives for the Katipunan,
a secret society he founded. The document aimed to unite members of the society
and articulate their shared goals in the struggle for Philippine independence from
Spanish colonial rule. Bonifacio intended the "Decalogue" to inspire and rally the
Katipunan members, promoting their dedication to the cause of independence and
providing a framework for their revolutionary activities. It encapsulated the spirit
of resistance, self-determination, and nationalism that characterized the Philippine
Revolution and played a significant role in galvanizing support for the movement.
Whose perspective(s) is presented in the source?
o
The primary source "Decalogue" by Andres Bonifacio presents the perspective of
Bonifacio himself, as the author and one of the key leaders of the Katipunan. It
reflects his perspective on the goals, principles, and strategies of the revolutionary
movement.
Source Two
Conduct a source analysis on a primary source relevant to your historical event.
Attempt to write the APA style citation for your second primary source and include a link to it.
You will not be penalized for incorrect format.
Wikipedia contributors. (2023). Pact of Biak-na-Bato. Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pact_of_Biak-na-Bato
Respond to the following questions:
Who authored or created the primary source?
o
Emilio Aguinaldo and the Revolutionary Government.
What was the author’s or creator’s position in society at the time the primary source was
created?
o
Emilio Aguinaldo was a prominent figure in Philippine history. He was a Filipino
revolutionary leader and politician who played a crucial role in the country's
struggle for independence from Spanish colonial rule. Aguinaldo served as the
first President of the Philippines, leading the revolutionary government during the
Philippine Revolution against Spain and later during the Philippine-American
War. Emilio Aguinaldo held a position of considerable influence and power within
Filipino society. He was a key leader of the Katipunan, a secret society dedicated
to achieving Philippine independence. Aguinaldo's position as a military leader
2
and later as the President of the revolutionary government placed him at the
forefront of the nationalist movement in the Philippines.
When was the primary source created?
o
December 15, 1897
Where was the primary source created, released, or publicized?
o
The pact was signed in San Miguel, Bulacan, in the house of Pablo Tecson, a
Philippine revolutionary captain who served as brigadier general in the 'Brigada
Del Pilar' (military troop) of General Gregorio del Pilar during the Revolution.
Who was the intended audience for the primary source?
o
The intended audience for the primary source related to the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
would primarily be the parties involved in the negotiations and the general public
in the Philippines at the time. The primary source documents, such as the
agreement and related correspondence, would have been intended for the Spanish
colonial government, represented by its officials, as well as the revolutionary
forces led by Emilio Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries.
Why was the primary source created?
o
The primary source, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, was created to establish a
temporary resolution and meet specific objectives for both the Spanish colonial
government and the revolutionary forces led by Emilio Aguinaldo. It aimed to
initiate a ceasefire and negotiations between the warring parties during the
Philippine Revolution, providing an opportunity to explore a peaceful resolution.
The pact addressed the revolutionaries' grievances through significant concessions
from the Spanish government, including financial compensation and promised
reforms. By creating a temporary period of peace and stability, it aimed to prevent
further bloodshed and foster an atmosphere for further discussions. Additionally,
the pact sought international recognition, portraying the revolutionaries as
legitimate representatives of the Filipino people's struggle for independence and
potentially gaining support from foreign powers. Overall, it served to establish a
truce, address grievances, achieve reforms, facilitate negotiations, and influence
international perception and recognition.
Whose perspective(s) is presented in the source?
o
The primary source related to the Pact of Biak-na-Bato may present multiple
perspectives from parties involved in the negotiations and events surrounding the
agreement. These perspectives encompass Emilio Aguinaldo and the
revolutionary forces seeking independence, highlighting their grievances and
aspirations. The source may also present the perspective of the Spanish colonial
government, reflecting their reasons for negotiations, concessions, and goals in
maintaining control. Additionally, perspectives from mediators and witnesses
involved in the negotiations or present during the pact's signing may offer insights
into discussions, motivations, and dynamics. The specific primary source
document will determine which perspectives are directly represented, with
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different documents providing varying viewpoints and shedding light on the
perspectives of different individuals or groups involved in the Pact of Biak-na-
Bato.
Both Sources
Analyze the primary sources relevant to your historical event for the presence of bias.
The primary sources associated with the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, as a historical event, may
exhibit various biases. These biases can include nationalistic bias in primary sources from
the Filipino revolutionary forces, emphasizing aspirations for independence and
portraying the revolutionaries positively. On the other hand, primary sources from the
Spanish colonial government may demonstrate a bias favoring maintaining control and
justifying their actions while downplaying the legitimacy of the revolutionary movement.
Additionally, this primary source might be politically or propagandistically biased,
selectively presenting information to support a particular narrative or viewpoint. Over
time, historical revisionism can introduce biases in the interpretation and presentation of
the event.
Andres Bonifacio's Decalogue, also known as "The Duties of the Sons of the People," can
potentially be influenced by several biases. These biases include a revolutionary bias that
promotes and justifies armed struggle against Spanish colonial rule, a strong nationalistic
bias emphasizing Philippine identity and sovereignty, a class bias favoring the working
class and advocating for social and economic equality, an anti-colonial bias portraying
Spanish colonial authority negatively, and a cultural bias promoting the preservation of
Filipino values and traditions.
Compare how your historical event is represented in your primary sources.
The Pact of Biak-na-Bato and the Decalogue of "The Duties of the Sons of the People"
by Andres Bonifacio represent the historical event of the Philippine Revolution from
different perspectives and with distinct emphases. The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, as a primary
source, primarily presents the negotiated settlement between the Spanish colonial
government and the Filipino revolutionary forces led by Emilio Aguinaldo. It emphasizes
the temporary resolution and the ceasefire achieved through the negotiations. The
primary sources associated with the Pact of Biak-na-Bato may provide details of the
agreements made, such as financial compensation for the revolutionaries and promised
reforms. These sources might focus on the diplomatic and political aspects of the event,
highlighting the intentions to address grievances and explore the possibility of a peaceful
resolution. In contrast, the Decalogue of "The Duties of the Sons of the People" by
Andres Bonifacio represents a more radical and revolutionary perspective. It outlines the
obligations and responsibilities of the Filipino people in their fight for independence. The
Decalogue places a strong emphasis on armed struggle against Spanish colonial rule,
promoting nationalistic sentiments, social equality, and the preservation of Filipino
culture. It reflects the revolutionary ideals and aspirations of the Katipunan, advocating
for the rights and liberation of the Filipino people. While the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
presents a negotiated settlement and temporary truce, the Decalogue highlights the
revolutionary spirit and the call to action. These primary sources offer different lenses
through which to understand the historical event of the Philippine Revolution. Evaluating
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both sources alongside other contemporary accounts and historical analyses allows for a
more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the complex and multifaceted nature
of the revolution.
References
5
Decalogue of the “The Duties of the Sons of the People” by Andres Bonifacio
. (n.d.-b). Flickr.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/govph/albums/72157638103064316/.
Wikipedia contributors. (2023). Pact of Biak-na-Bato. Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pact_of_Biak-na-Bato
.
6
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