Quiz 10 on Chapter 12
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Quiz 10 on Chapter 12
1.
Machiavelli’s dream was for Italy to
a. be assimilated into France.
b. declare its allegiance to England.
c. unify under a forceful tyrant.
d. remain a collection of city-states.
e. use despotism as a way to secure liberty.
2. Compared to Italy, the Renaissance movement in northern Europe
a. was more religious in nature.
b. made spreading arts to the public a priority.
c. replaced older forms of artistry.
d. focused on the economic competition of the arts.
e. mixed Italian ideals with preexisting traditions.
3.
The discovery of the New World and Amerigo Vespucci’s claim that two new
continents existed led to
a. the questioning of key sources of knowledge in Europe.
b. European powers meeting to decide how to divide the new
land.
c. European kingdoms abandoning their search for a new route to Asia.
d. the creation of a new international system of laws.
e. the realization that the Earth was round, not flat.
4. The printing press was a tool of European monarchs because
a. it enabled the establishment of printed money.
b. it enabled them to govern growing empires abroad and centralized states at
home.
c.
a king’s license was necessary to own a printing press.
d. books were heavily taxed.
e. kings were able to choose which books would be printed and which would
not.
5. Marsilio Ficino taught that human beings are capable of attaining their own
salvation
a. by training the body and thus honoring the temple God gave them.
b. by rejecting formal education and focusing only on cultivating an emotional
and personal relationship with God.
c. by focusing their attention on their immortal soul rather than their mortal
body.
d. through participating in all the sacraments.
e. by exercising their own talents to the fullest degree possible.
6. Machiavelli admired Cesare Borgia for his
a. civic-mindedness and sense of duty.
b. military achievements and humility.
c. Christian morality tempered with a willingness to avenge wrongs.
d. levity and immorality.
e. ruthlessness and shrewdness.
7. The retelling of the
Song of Roland
in fifteenth-century Italy differed from the
original by its
a. setting, which was changed to Italy from Spain.
b. lack of any suggestion of heroic idealism.
c. language: the original was in vernacular French and the retelling was in
Latin.
d. ending, which had Roland surviving to be rewarded for his heroism by
Charlemagne.
e. use of irony to stress the heroic idealism of Roland.
8.
Castiglione’s description of the “Renaissance man” as accomplished, witty,
cultured, and stylish was
a. a rejection of the older Renaissance ideal of education in the classics for
the purpose of creating virtuous citizens.
b. an acceptance of the older Renaissance ideal of education in the classics
for the purpose of creating virtuous citizens.
c. impossible to achieve.
d. believed to apply to all individuals regardless of class.
e. made the basis for curriculum reforms in Italian lay schools.
9. During the Renaissance, sculptures
a. were only carved from marble, which was seen as the most noble of the
sculpting mediums.
b. tended to focus on the female form more than the male form.
c. were freed from architecture for the first time since late antiquity.
d. tended to avoid religious subject matter and were instead based on
classical mythology.
e.
were viewed as blasphemous by the Church because they imitated God’s
creation of the human form.
10. Among Italian rulers, support for Renaissance artists was often a
a. means of competition for political rivals.
b. means of promoting Italian universities.
c. way for ruling families to develop their own artistic skills.
d. way of beautifying the homes of wealthy Italians.
e. way of restoring the beauty of Florence following a destructive war.
11. After the Council of Constance, the papacy entered into a series of agreements
with national monarchies called concordats. The result of these concordats was
a. a centralization of religious authority in the papacy.
b. the increasing wealth of the papacy.
c. the
monarchs’ promise not to interfere with the election of bishops.
d. the granting of extensive authority to monarchs over the churches in their
domain.
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e. the promise that monarchs would have the right to tax Church lands.
12. The most important factor in the rise of Spain as a major European power was
the
a.
exile of the Jews from Spain and effective end of the
convivencia
.
b. marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, which allowed the
two kingdoms to share resources in pursuit of several ambitious policies.
c. creation of a Spanish concordat that granted more local authority over the
Church in Spain.
d. defeat and annexation of Muslim Granada.
e. construction of the Great Armada to subjugate the other European powers.
13. The most important consideration in taking control of coastal defenses was
a. the power of the pope and his influence outside Europe.
b. the technique and materials of their construction.
c. the development of large vessels with powerful artillery.
d. European bacteria.
e. the tactical planning of European navies.
14. In the long history of slavery in western civilization, its basic patterns were not
racialized (in other words, were not directly related to ethnicity or skin color) until
a. Europeans needed slave labor to develop the Atlantic colonies of Madeira,
the Canaries, and the Azores.
b. Lisbon became a significant market for enslaved Africans in the middle of
the fifteenth century.
c. Columbus returned with indigenous people from the New World in 1492.
d. Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire of Mexico between 1519 and
1521.
e. Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incan empire of South America in 1533.
15. Ivan the Great succeeded in conquering all the territories between Moscow and
Poland, including parts of Lithuania,
a. yet the region maintained strong cultural ties to Poland and religious
allegiance to Rome.
b. and as a result, Poland withered as a political power, having lost its base of
economic and political authority.
c.
and it was this expansion that led to later Russian
tsars
referring to Moscow
as the “third Rome.”
d. but ironically, this expansion led to the pope gaining more religious
authority within Muscovy, as residents of these territories continued to
acknowledge the pope as their religious leader.
e. the region subsequently became more culturally similar to Moscow and
within a few generations had lost its religious affiliation with Rome.
16. The Portuguese established fortified outposts in Africa and the Atlantic islands in
the fifteenth century in order to control the local trade in gold. However, this had
the unintended consequence of
a. introducing African customs and culture into Portugal, as soldiers ate
African food, married local women, and brought their new families home
with them.
b. positioning Portugal to dominate the trade in enslaved Africans that
expanded after 1492.
c. provoking a war with Spanish kingdoms who feared Portugal would grow
too powerful and eventually invade their territories.
d. weakening the Portuguese economy, as silver and manpower was spent
overseas maintaining these outposts rather than spent at home.
e. leading to war with the Ottoman Empire over control of the Atlantic trade.
17.
Which of the following statements best characterizes the Aztec at the moment
when the European
conquistadors
encountered them?
a. The Aztec were one of many hunter-gatherer groups that lived in the
Bahamas and had little in the way of commodities that were interesting to
Europeans.
b. The Aztec allied with Europeans to help them defeat the Mexica, a native
group that had traditionally preyed upon the Aztec.
c. The Aztec Empire dominated central Mexico and rivaled many European
states in wealth, power, and culture.
d. The Aztec had already been decimated by smallpox on meeting Europeans
for the first time, revealing the dangers of New World diseases to
Europeans.
e. The Aztec were a growing power in central Mexico at the moment of
contact with Europeans and had just begun to establish a settlement called
Tenochtitlan on the site of modern-day Mexico City.
18.
La Malinche’s knowledge of the Nahua language had what significance for
Cortés’s expedition to Mexico?
a. It enabled the Spanish to build strategic alliances with the enemies of the
Aztec.
b. It gave the Spanish insights into local legends and stories that they used to
pretend that they were the Aztecs’ gods.
c. It gave the Spanish the ability to follow rumors of a lost city of gold.
d. It gave the Spanish cultural insights that allowed them to be more sensitive
and tolerant of the differences that existed between them and the Aztec.
e. It made the Spanish dependent on La Malinche, who ultimately tried to
betray them to the Aztec.
19. What motivated the
reconquista
movement?
a. The ongoing war between religious officials within the church
b. The belief that Spain should be returned to Christian purity
c. The concept that independent city-states could be unified using religion
d. The idea that Spain should be a melting pot of different cultures
e. The fear that the Eng
lish church would dominate Spain’s religious
structures
20. Ferdinand and Isabella attempted to unify Spain through a religious identity, the
rhetoric of the crusades, and
a. becoming allies with Italian leaders.
b. investing in public education.
c. beginning exploration in West Africa.
d. adopting a common language.
e. assimilating Muslim refugees.
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21. Composers of Renaissance music
a. looked to ancient Rome and Greece for inspiration.
b. avoided composing music for religious services or with religious themes,
preferring to celebrate a secular vision of the world.
c. were typically women, who wrote music primarily for church services.
d. drew on well-established medieval conventions.
e. composed music that was considered inappropriate for women to play.
22.
Moscow became known as the “third Rome” because
a.
its architects were inspired by the Renaissance’s emphasis on classical
forms and style.
b. Ivan the Great married the niece of the last Byzantine emperor.
c. while there was no concrete connection, the honorific added a degree of
prestige to Muscovy that its rulers appreciated.
d. it had accumulated so much territory during the reign of Ivan III that its
growth resembled that of the ancient Roman empire.
e. it supported the Latin-speaking Roman Church rather than the Greek-
speaking Eastern Orthodox Church.
23. One important difference between the Italian Renaissance and the northern
Renaissance that followed was the northern
a. reluctance to compose classical Latin prose in the style of Cicero.
b. appreciation for scholasticism and its central texts.
c. rejection of the Church Fathers as religious authorities.
d. increased dependence on private and royal patronage of their talents.
e. rejection of classicism in their approach to art.
24. Machiavelli advocated for tyrants like Cesare Borgia to take control of Italy
because
a. he believed dictatorships were the only legitimate form of government.
b. his patron was such a tyrant.
c. he believed most Italian people were too poorly educated to participate in
government and so a true republic was impossible.
d. he believed that Italy was so chaotic that it needed strong dictators to
create a more settled state, which would be favorable to self-governance.
e. the Roman Republican model that informed his political theory had been
ruled by a series of dictators.
25. The advent of printing was aided by the
a. rising cost of scribes.
b. widespread availability of paper.
c. spread of literacy among the peasantry.
d. increasing number of female writers.
e. growing demand for news reports.