10 Hist- chaper 1 eval Qs (1)
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Documentation Questions for Evaluation Week 1
Question:
1
Topic:
Population: Contemporary
Intellectual Operation:
Determine explanatory factors and consequences
Question
Indentify the main factors that contributed to the emigration of French Canadians to the United
States and the consequence for the population of Lower Canada in the second half of the 19th
century
Answer
B
etter job opportunities and better lifestyle in United States and better working conditions. The
consequence is that the French Canadians were leaving lower Canada and were losing their French
language. Another consequence is that the economy was getting worst.
Document
Stanstead, at the border of Lower Canada and Vermont, 1832
A large number of
Canadiens
emigrating to New England opted for Vermont, where they found work in
agriculture the logging industry and in brick factories.
Horguelin, C. et. al. (2011). Panoramas (Textbook 1). Montreal: Graficor, p. 54
2. Which document illustrates a social consequence of the labour surplus that existed in rural areas at
the end of the 19
th
century?
C
A)
TheEvents at Saint-Eustache at the Time of the Patriotes’ Rebellion
B)
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C) Emigration From Québec to the United States, 1840-1899
Period
Total
Population
Urban
Population
%
Rural
Population
%
Emigration
1840-1849
1850-1859
1860-1869
1870-1879
1880-1889
1890-1899
890 261
1 111 566
1 191 516
1 359 027
1 488 535
1 648 898
132 649
184 520
237 112
323 448
425 721
595 252
14.9
16.6
19.9
23.8
28.6
36.1
757 612
927 046
954 464
1 035 579
1 062 814
1 053 646
85.1
83.4
80.1
76.2
71.4
63.9
35 000
70 000
100 000
120 000
150 000
140 000
Lavoie, Y.,
L’émigration des Canadiens aux États-Unis avant 1930
, Montréal, Les presses de l’Université de Montréal, 1972.
D)
3.
The beginning of industrialization
50. At the end of the 19
th
century, Québec underwent significant industrial growth. This growth
was characterized by major social repercussions.
A)
The table below shows a phenomenon that was a major consequence of
industrialization.
What was this phenomenon?
Railways, tariffs, immigration
B)
Indicate one means used by workers to improve their working conditions.
They began unionism.
Year
Percentage of
City Dwellers
Population of Main Cities
Montréal
Québec
Sherbrooke
Hull
1871
19.9%
107 225
59 699
4 432
3 800
1881
23.8%
140 747
62 446
7 227
6 890
1891
28.6%
216 650
63 090
10 097
11 264
1901
36.1%
277 730
68 840
11 765
13 993
Translated from : Jean-François Cardin,
Le Québec : héritages et projets
, Montréal, HRW, 1986, p. 320.
Source : Census Canada
The first phase of industrialization and its social consequences
4. Which of the following texts characterize social and economic changes which took place
during the first phase of industrialization (1867 to 1896)?
text 3
Text 1
The government created the ministries of Agriculture and Colonization. It opened up roads and
railways leading into new areas of settlement. The daily industry assumed an important role in
agricultural production. Québec sold horses, peas, hay and especially dairy products to the United
States and in the urban centres.
Text 2
«Mining became an important aspect of the Québec economy... The focus was on the extraction
and initial processing of minerals ... for purposes of export. Québec’s impact on the world’s mining
industry was mainly the result of asbestos production.
Québec became the world’s chief producer
of this natural resource, resulting in the development of the Asbestos region.»
Translated from : F. Charbonneau et al.,
Mon Histoire
, (Montreal : Guérin, 1985), p. 356.
Text 3
«City living conditions were especially difficult... Houses were hurriedly built to meet the needs of
a rapidly growing urban population... It was difficult to respect even the minimum standards of
health and hygiene. Most housing lacked an adequate supply of water and an effective sewage
system. These deplorable living conditions were not conducive to public health.»
Translated from : G. Cachat,
À la Recherche de mes racines
, (Montreal : Lidec, 1984), p. 485.
Text 4
« Following the stock market crash, the ensuing economic crisis forced workers to accept
reductions in wages averaging 40 %. Faced with unemployment, workers became powerless and
destitute. »
Translated from : Cardin,
Le Québec : héritages et projets
, p. 385.
Text 5
«We have given the right to vote to the women of our province because they, as educators of the
young and managers of the home, must have a say in everything that directly and indirectly affects
the welfare of the family.»
Adélard Godbout
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5. Which document represents a consequence of the first phase of industrialization in Canada
(1870-1896)?
Document C
Document A)
Workers, increasing in number, began organizing to improve their working conditions.
Document B)
«Thousands of workers lost their jobs when their companies closed. Many waited months or even
years before finding other steady work.»
Translated from : Dion-McKinnon, Notre Histoire
, p. 233.
Document C)
«In many ways government intervention... in the economy led to the rise of a new class of French
Canadian businessmen in industry, finance, engineering and construction.»
Translated from : Charpentier, Nouvelle Histoire du Québec et du Canada
, p.386.
Document D)
The settlers developed better techniques in extensive wheat farming. The majority of farmers
owned a tractor.
The opposition between ultramontanists and anticlerical liberals after 1840
6.
Did the following document inspire the ultramontanists or the liberals?
liberals
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of
the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the
government for a redress of grievances.
First Amendment of the Bill of Rights, United States of America, 1791
Short Answer Questions-
Answer in complete sentences and as fully as possible.
7. What was the common political goal of the Reformers? Was it a good goal? Why?
8. What is Responsible Government? Why is it important?
9. How did the National Policy help Canada in terms of its economy and defense?
10. Explain French Canadian nationalism. Is nationalism a good or bad thing? Explain your
answer.