ENG 147_1

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University of Phoenix *

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147

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History

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Oct 30, 2023

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The American Civil War The American Civil War, also known as the Civil War or the War Between the States, was a significant conﬂict that took place in the United States from 1861 to 1865. It was a war that had a profound impact on the nation, shaping its history, politics, and society. The war was primarily fought between the Northern states, known as the Union, and the Southern states, known as the Confederacy. The main cause of the conﬂict was the issue of slavery, which had been a contentious and divisive subject for decades. The origins of the Civil War can be traced back to the early 19th century when the United States was still a young and growing nation. The issue of slavery, which was deeply ingrained in the Southern economy and culture, created a sharp divide between the North and the South. While the North was becoming more industrialized and increasingly opposed to the institution of slavery, the South depended on slave labor for its agricultural economy, particularly in cotton production. Tensions between the two regions escalated over time, with multiple compromises and political conﬂicts failing to resolve the underlying issues. The election of Abraham Lincoln as the 16th President of the United States in 1860 further heightened the tensions. Lincoln, a member of the anti-slavery Republican Party, was elected without carrying any Southern states. In April 1861, the conﬂict began when Confederate forces fired on Union troops at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. This marked the beginning of a brutal and devastating war that would last for four long years. The war was characterized by significant battles, including the First Battle of Bull Run, the Battle of Antietam, and the Battle of Gettysburg. The Emancipation Proclamation, issued by President Lincoln in 1863, declared that all slaves in Confederate-held territory were to be set free. This was a significant turning point in the war, as it shifted the focus from solely preserving the Union to also addressing the issue of slavery. The proclamation paved the way for the eventual abolition of slavery in the United States. The Civil War had a profound impact on the nation. It resulted in the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives, making it one of the deadliest conﬂicts in American history. The war also had significant social, political, and economic consequences. It led to the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery throughout the United States,

and it fundamentally transformed the relationship between the federal government and the states. The war concluded in 1865 with the surrender of the Confederate General Robert E. Lee to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. The nation was left deeply scarred, and the process of Reconstruction and healing would occupy the country for many years to come. The American Civil War remains a crucial part of the nation's history, and its legacy continues to shape the United States in various ways. It serves as a reminder of the cost of division and the importance of resolving differences through peaceful means.

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