history II chapter 10 notes

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Oct 30, 2023

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Jerret Jarvis Mr. Payton (HIST-1302-601) March 20, 2023 Chpt 10: Great Depression and New Deal “The Only Thing we have to Fear is Fear Itself”, FDR on inauguration day needed to show hope for the future and confidence in government. Oct 29, 1929, the crash occurs Americans want new leadership to get them through depression. The fall (some causes) steep drop in stocks Mentality of “permanent” growth; unstable banks; decline in consumer spending and overproduction, Stock Speculation, many Americans lost their jobs which makes them unable to pay mortgage. Many people went homeless or had to live with relatives. uncontrolled growth/spending, Lack of foreign investments (tariffs, among other things), Gold standard corporations cut down production and employees. Consumer spending dropped 10 percent. Social Issues Unemployment, families, birthrate Racial tensions racial tensions went up dramatically. Nearly a quarter of the workforce was unemployed in 1933. 50 percent of blacks in southern cities were unemployed.

Jerret Jarvis Mr. Payton (HIST-1302-601) March 20, 2023 Most families maintained income during the great depression. Birth rate dropped significantly. Powell v Alabama 1932 (adequate defense) all white jury tried to sentence 9 black teenagers to the death chair for raping 2 females. The Supreme Court reversed the decision twice. Charges dropped from 4 of the 9 teenagers. Other 5 served long sentences. Norris v Alabama 1935 (equal protection) -- Related to same case 1932-35, Dust Bowl made the great depression worse. Gov – too little, too late President Herbert Hoover tried to use the government to pull America out of depression. His efforts were “too little, too late.” Hoovervilles, Hoover blankets, Hoover Flag (upside down empty pockets) all of Hoover's plans never seem to work. Not in book: 1933 20 th Amendment Congress 1/3; Pres. 1/20 (FDR last to take office as late as March or April) sets the day the former president needs to leave office which is January 20th at noon.

Jerret Jarvis Mr. Payton (HIST-1302-601) March 20, 2023 Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933-1945, D) Went against Hoover. First order was to save banks. Economy huge issue New Deal – government plan to help support farmers, unemployed, elderly, and the youth. Next 3 not in book direction: 3 schools of thought: Enforce, Don’t Enforce, Welfare Children and Elderly, farmers, unemployed, fix causes Solution: Remedy crisis, promote industry, raise commodity prices New Deal Part One 100 days, 15 major proposals; lots of agencies formed Emergency Banking Relief Act reopening of banks under strict guidelines. Expanded federal credit for banks 2 nd Glass-Steagall Banking Act (FDIC) prevents commercial banks from risky investments. Federal Securities Act (1933) and (SEC) Securities Exchange Act of 1934 cannot make up stock. Bring confidence in the stock and bond market. 21 st Amendment (repealed Prohibition) repealed 18th amendment.

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Jerret Jarvis Mr. Payton (HIST-1302-601) March 20, 2023 CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) (parks, trees; most successful; e:1942) pumped millions into the nation's economy. PWA (Public Works Administration) (buildings, highways, etc) public construction program FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration) (public buildings, literacy, college loans, etc) $500 million to be dispensed to state and local governments to give to families in need. The New Deal takes first steps toward a welfare state. CWA (Civil Works Administration) (expanded FERA, ends 1934) created many things such as airports, state parks, lakes, and bridges. AAA of 1933 farmers cut production of crops in return for money from the government. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) gave collectors the right to collective bargaining. NRA (National Recovery Administration) (40 hr week, min wage, limited production and stabalized prices allowed collaboration, etc), 1935, unconstitutional TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) solve problems in valley such as flooding and electricity.

Jerret Jarvis Mr. Payton (HIST-1302-601) March 20, 2023 REA (Rural Electrification Administration, 1936) electricity to rural areas with no profit. Conservative & Liberal criticism New Deal gives more power to central government As early as 1933/34 Townsend, Huey P. Long, others 2 nd New Deal help farmers and migrant workers 1935 National Labor Relations Board (NLRA or Wagner Act) employees have right to look for better working conditions Social Security Act (SSA) pays retired workers over 65 ERA WPA (Works Progress Administration) (roads, murals, etc) 1936 Re-elected, saw as mandate Supreme Court: overturned FDR 7 out of 9 times against just in 1936 Court Packing, backfired 1937: Recession when gov’t spending dropped; SS tax

Jerret Jarvis Mr. Payton (HIST-1302-601) March 20, 2023 1938 New AAA farmers cut production of crops in return for money from the government. Fair Labor Standards Act: minimum wage set 40 cents hour Culture and Entertainment: Art, photography, Hobbies, Books, comics, magazines Sports (live and radio, some more segregated than others) Movies Radio shows Society: Labor: AFL, CIO, UAW 1st autonomous labor unions Minorities: Many N.D. programs whites only or segregated Civil Rights Advances segregated include blacks and asians Native Americans and Indian Reorganization Act Women

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