H104AS

US ARMY COMMAND AND GENERAL STAFF COLLEGE US Army Command and General Staff School Command and General Staff Officer Course (CGSOC) Common Core H100: History, Theory, Doctrine, Practice Advance Sheet for Lesson H104 Napoleon: Imperial Overextension Lesson Author: Dr. Jonathan Abel 1. SCOPE The H104 case study covers Napoleonic warfare in the latter half of Napoleon’s empire. The system of warfare, seemingly so dominant from 1793 to 1807, proved less able to meet the challenges of French foreign policy. As the French continued to wage war, Napoleon’s enemies successfully adopted some of his warfighting methods and became more tactically proficient. They also refused to meet him on the battlefield of his choosing, avoiding the annihilation they had faced in the years of his great victories. This two-hour case study asks many questions about Napoleon’s rule and his art of war, including: What made Napoleon great? Was his greatest asset his instincts on the battlefield? Why could the French armies not overcome the increasingly complex operational and strategic environment faced post-1807? It also explores the successful challenges to Napoleon’s methods, chiefly in Russia, but in other conflicts as well. Warfare became more symmetrical as Napoleon’s enemies adopted his methods, robbing him of the swift, decisive battlefield victory that produced a peace treaty that characterized his early campaigns. Less decisive and more symmetrical wars naturally favored his enemies, who collectively possessed far more resources than he and could better afford a war of attrition. Warfare also became more expansive, as the Spanish partidos, Tyrolese rebels, and Russian Cossacks waged irregular warfare designed to avoid Napoleon’s killing blow. Last, H104 more illustrates the production of doctrine and its practice by Napoleon, which would later influence the theories of Jomini and Clausewitz. 2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Aligned Program Learning Outcomes (PLO): PLO 1 Strategic Thinking and Communications PLO 2 The Profession of Arms PLO 3 The Continuum of Competition, Conflict, and War PLO 4 The Security Environment PLO 5 Strategy and Joint Planning PLO 6 Unified Land Operations in the Context of Globally Integrated Operations Aligned Special Areas of Emphasis (SAE): SAE 1 Irregular Warfare This lesson supports CGSOC TLO-CC-2, Examine thinking; TLO-CC-3, Analyze historical context to inform professional military judgment; TLO-CC-4, Analyze the nature of war, and the causes, consequences, and contexts of change in modern warfare; and TLO-CC-10, Communicate effectively, as listed in the H100 Block Advance Sheet. The lesson goals are: H104 Advance Sheet H104AS-160 March 2023

ELO-CC-2.1 Action: Examine critical thinking. Condition: Given individual reading and writing assignments, small group discussions, and practical exercises. Standards: Define critical thinking 1. Examine critical thinking skills 2. Examine the dimensions of critical thinking 3. Analyze the obstacles to critical thinking 4. Demonstrate critical thinking Learning Domain : Cognitive Level of Learning : Analysis ELO-CC-2.2 Action: Examine creative thinking. Condition: Given individual reading and writing assignments, small group discussions, and practical exercises. Standards: 1. Examine creative thinking enhancers 2. Examine creative thinking barriers 3. Understand the relationship between creative thinking and innovation 4. Demonstrate creative thinking Learning Domain : Cognitive Level of Learning : Analysis ELO-CC-3.1 Action: Analyze the development of modern warfare using major concepts of key theorists. Condition: Using historical context, major theoretical concepts, historical analogies, ethical considerations, critical thinking, classroom discussions, directed readings, and a directed writing assignment. Standard: Analysis includes – 1. Key concepts introduced by Clausewitz, Jomini, and others 2. The revolutionary changes in military affairs 3. The relationship between theory and changes in organization, equipment, and doctrine Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Analysis ELO-CC-3.2 Action: Analyze current doctrine using historical context. Condition: Using historical context, major theoretical concepts, historical analogies, ethical considerations, critical thinking, classroom discussions, directed readings, and a directed writing assignment. Standard: Analysis includes – 1. The logic and adequacy of current doctrine using the historical record 2. The relationship between western warfare and current doctrine Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Analysis ELO-CC-3.3 Action: Analyze trends in modern warfare using the historical record. Condition: Using historical context, major theoretical concepts, historical analogies, ethical considerations, critical thinking, classroom discussions, directed readings, and a directed writing assignment. Standard: Analysis includes – 1. The claims of emerging concepts of theory and doctrine using the historical record 2. Changes in warfare from 1500 to present H104 Advance Sheet H104AS-161 March 2023

ELO-CC-4.3 Action: Analyze the historical role of new technology in triggering or accelerating changes in warfare. Condition: Using historical context, major theoretical concepts, historical analogies, ethical considerations, critical thinking, classroom discussions, directed readings, and a directed writing assignment. Standard: Analysis includes – 1. The history of societal and military change over time 2. The technological sources of historical change 3. The effects of new technology on changes in warfare Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Analysis ELO-CC-4.4 Action: Analyze the evolving relationship between civil authority and military power. Condition: Using historical context, major theoretical concepts, historical analogies, ethical consideration, critical thinking, classroom discussions, directed readings, and a directed writing assignment. Standard: Analysis includes – 1. The concepts of civil authority and military power 2. The sources of civil authority and military power 3. The relationship between civil authority and military power Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Analysis ELO-CC-10.1 Action: Write effectively to clearly and succinctly deliver a message. Condition: In an academic environment, given references, readings, faculty-facilitated discussion, formats, guidelines a specific topic, timeline, and access to relevant informational resources, participating in a group or individually. Standards: 1. Develop substance to achieve the purpose of the writing 2. Construct an organization that is logical 3. Apply style that is active, concise, and professional 4. Apply correct standard written English, proper format, and cite sources. Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Synthesis ELO-CC-10.2 Action: Speak effectively to clearly and succinctly deliver a message Condition: In an academic environment, given references, readings, faculty-facilitated discussion, formats, guidelines a specific topic, timeline, and access to relevant informational resources, participating in a group or individually. Standards: 1. Organize ideas with logical progression and effective transitions. 2. Develop relevant, accurate, complete, and clear information. 3. Use effective, well-chosen and presented visual aids to enhance verbal content as applicable. 4. Use appropriate vocal, verbal, and non-verbal characteristics of delivery to maintain audience understanding and interest. 5. Manage time effectively, including preparation, use of time throughout, and completing in allotted time. Learning Domain: Cognitive Level of Learning: Synthesis H104 Advance Sheet H104AS-163 March 2023

ELO-CC-10.3 Action : Listen actively to comprehend the speaker's thoughts and internalize them. Condition : In an academic environment given references, readings, faculty-facilitated discussion, group work, class presentations, exercises, or practicums; drawing on critical thinking skills, emotional intelligence, and personal experience. Standards : 1. Use verbal and nonverbal prompts to convey interest and attention. 2. Ask questions to clarify meaning when not understanding the speaker’s point. 3. Summarize the speaker’s points before responding. 4. Write brief notes on speaker’s common themes and important points for clarification. 5. Reflect on information before expressing views. Learning Domain : Cognitive Level of Learning : Application 3. ISSUE MATERIAL a. Advance Issue : See H100 Book of Readings 2023-2024. b. During Class : None. Wi-Fi is available. 4. ASSESSMENT PLAN See H100 Block Advance Sheet, Appendix A. 5. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT a. Study Requirements: ) First Requirement: Read the following before class ( bold numbered readings included in full text in the H100 Book of Readings): Required: H104RA Abel, Jonathan A. “The Decline of Napoleon.” Unpublished, January 2019. [2 pages] H104RB Mikaberidze, Alexander. “The Russian Campaign of 1812.” Unpublished, 2011. [13 pages] Student Purchased Text: H104RC Lynn, John A. “Nations in Arms 1763–1815.” In The Cambridge History of Warfare , edited by Geoffrey Parker, 205–216. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005. [12 pages] [CARL] OR Lynn, John A. “Nations in Arms 1763–1815.” In The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare , edited by Geoffrey Parker, 204–213. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995. [10 pages] [CARL] Optional: H104ORA House, Jonathan M. “The 1812 Campaign.” Unpublished, February 2012. [5 pages] H104ORB Alexander, Don W. “French Military Problems in Counterinsurgent Warfare in Northeastern Spain, 1808–1813.” Military Affairs 40 (October 1976): 117–22. [7 pages] H104 Advance Sheet H104AS-164 March 2023

b. Bring to Class (or have electronic access to): H100 Syllabus and Book of Readings Makers of Modern Strategy H104 Advance Sheet H104AS-166 March 2023