History Quiz Questions: Exploring Key Events & Concepts

 Question 1 Philosopher Adam Smith’s concept of the “Invisible Hand” refers to: The natural movement of market forces  Question 2 What was the Reconquista ? The centuries-long military effort by Christians to regain control of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslims from North Africa.  Question 3 The Protestant Reformation was a: Movement that rejected the Catholic Church and sought to return to the teachings of the early church.  Question 4 Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, was renamed _____ after it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks. Istanbul  Question 5 Which European country/kingdom led the way in exploration and trade along the West African coast during the 1400s? Portugal  Question 6 T/F: The Incan settlement of Machu Picchu was not rediscovered by Westerners until the 1900s.

True.  Question What were chinampas? Platforms that the Aztecs used to plant crops in Lake Texcoco  Question 8 Which statement is true about the first Europeans to explore the Americas? People in Scandinavia settled in Newfoundland around 1000 C.E.  Question 9 Europeans like Hernán Cortes conquered native empires, like the Aztecs, with no help from other native peoples. True  Question 10 Around 1588, Spanish military and economic dominance in Europe and the Atlantic waned because: The Spanish mismanaged the wealth they gained from their colonies and were challenged by English naval power.  Question 11 In terms of early (before contact with the Americas) European exploration in West Africa and European participation in the African slave trade, which crop was most important? Sugar  Question 12

Prior to large-scale European engagement in the African Slave trade, Europeans were mostly interested in which of the following West African trade goods? Gold  Question 13 The widespread death of the bubonic plague undermined the power of the Catholic Church. True  Question 14 Scientific and philosophical breakthroughs during the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment helped uphold the power of the Catholic Church in Europe, which dominated during the Middle Ages. False  Question 15 What was the impact of the Little Ice Age on Viking settlements in the North Atlantic? It made it much more difficult to survive winters and maintain far-flung settlements.  Question 16 T/F: Compared to Europe, the population of the Americas was a fraction of Europe’s population prior to sustained contact between the two. False  Question 17 In the context of early Spanish colonialism in the Americas, mestizos were: People of mixed Spanish and Native American heritage.  Question 18 The concept of the Divine Right of Kings was bolstered by Enlightenment thought. False  Question 19

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Who was Simon Bolivar? A Venezuelan who led colonial armies against Spanish armies in South America  Question 20 Which European power used their colonies in the Americas as a haven for religious dissenters? The English  Question 21 Most early French efforts to colonize North America focused on establishing family farms and raising crops and pasture animals. False  Question 22 Early on in the history of sugar cultivation in the Caribbean, plantation owners worked enslaved people to death in order to increase their profits. True  Question 23 In the 1600s, France had which type of government? Absolute monarchy  Question 24 Which of the following was a major influence on the crafting of the United States Constitution? The Enlightenment  Question 25 Which of the below accurately describes how the French Revolution unfolded? It had several phases which led to escalated violence and the establishment of various governments that replaced each other.  Question 26

In the 1600s, Britain had which type of government? Constitutional monarchy  Question 27 Which of the following French “estates” organized to establish a new government in France in 1789? The commoners  Question 28 What country was the largest and most notable consumer of opium during much of the nineteenth century? China  Question 29 What country was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution? Great Britain  Question 30 Steam Engines were a fundamental part of the industrial revolution. True  Question 31 What invention revolutionized cotton production around 1800? The cotton gin  Question 32 Which of the following is true about the impact of the Irish Famine? Over a million people died, and Ireland never recovered from its population loss  Question 33

Which of the below was associated with the Meiji Restoration and Japanese politics in the late nineteenth century? Modernization and industrialization  Question 34 In the context of mid-19th century politics and the Revolutions of 1848, liberals are best associated with what ideas? Representative government and free trade  Question 35 By the end of the nineteenth century, the largest ethnic group in the United States was: Germans  Question 36 Which of the below is true about the relationship between the United States and Japan in the mid-nineteenth century? The United States used naval power to force the Japanese to engage in trade and commerce  Question 37 The Irish famine of the 1840s was linked to which crop? Corn  Question 38 What major factor contributed to a stalemate, and the use of trench warfare, on the battlefields of World War One? Newly introduced weapons and military technology  Question 39 European powers did not use soldiers from their colonies in their conflict in Europe during World War One. True  Question 40

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What event is generally seen to have sparked World War One? The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand  Question 41 Which was not a new military technology widely used during World War One? Nuclear weapons  Question 42 What was the impact of World War One on European empires and imperialism? The war largely brought an end to the empire system and contributed to the dissolution of four major empires.  Question 43 Japan expanded its power during World War One by invading parts of China and some German colonies. True  Question 44 What was the fate of the territory of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East after World War One? The people of all the territory in question gained immediate independence and established their own nations Large parts of Ottoman territory were turned into mandates which were administered, temporarily, by the British and the French (Incorrect) The Ottoman Empire maintained its territory in the Middle East until after World War Two (Incorrect) None of the above  Question 45 The Central Powers of World War One included: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire. True

 Question 46 Who was the architect/promoter of the League of Nations? Woodrow Wilson  Question 47 The original/initial Allied Powers of World War One included: France, Great Britain, and Russia. True  Question 48 What was the League of Nations? An international organization that would mediate disputes between nations and attempts to maintain peace.  Question 50 Which was NOT an underlying cause of World War One? Competition over oil/petroleum in the Middle East  Question 51 The decline of the Ottoman Empire during the early twentieth century empowered nationalist forces in its lands in Europe and contributed to the outbreak of World War One. True  Question 52 Adolf Hitler and the Nazis used Jewish people as a scapegoat for the economic problems that faced Germany because Jews were: Perceived as a well-off and successful group within German society  Question 53 In the first decades of the twentieth century, Japan continued to modernize and expand its territory in East Asia and the Pacific. True

 Question 54 Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party were fascist, anti-liberal, and anti-democratic. True  Question 55 Which factor was NOT a contributing factor to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany? A popular desire to establish a liberal, democratic, capitalist system in Germany  Question 56 The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was: An American-led effort to promote increased trade and cooperation in East Asia  Question 57 In 1911/1912, the Qing Dynasty of China was overthrown and nations, including Tibet and Mongolia, gained their independence. True  Question 58 Who was the leader of the Soviet Union who initiated the first series of Five-Year Plans, and committed the country to rapid industrialization and collectivization of farmland? Joseph Stalin  Question 59 Which of the following is true about the Weimar Republic after World War One? It was the democratic government of Germany that replaced the pre-war monarchy- based political system  Question 60 Filmmaking and motion pictures were very new in the 1890s. True

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 Question 61 Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks, and the Soviet Union, immediately after World War One? Vladimir Lenin  Question 62 Which idea/movement was Mohandas Gandhi associated with? Communism  Question 63 Who was Mao Zedong? A peasant who rose to the top of the Chinese Communist Party and eventually led communist forces against the nationalists  Question 64 Fascism rose in popularity during the Great Depression because the wealthy saw it as a defense against communism which was gaining popularity among the poor. True  Question 65 During the 1920s, many European countries like Germany experienced high inflation, unemployment, and political dissatisfaction. True  Question 66 Who was Benito Mussolini? The fascist leader of Italy who is credited for defining and popularizing fascism in the 1920s and 1930s  Question 67 The Great Depression was a global economic crisis. True

 Question 68 The Treaty of Versailles was the treaty that ended hostilities between the allies and the German Empire and mandated that Germany pay substantial reparations to the allied powers. True  Question 69 During the 1930s, Spain was consumed by a Civil War between a communist faction and a fascist faction. True  Question 70 Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf is about: The supremacy of German-speaking peoples, the inferiority of the Jewish people, and the importance of uniting German peoples and expanding their power  Question 71 The President of the United States during World War II was: Franklin Roosevelt  Question 72 The Prime Minister of Great Britain during the majority of World War II was: Winston Churchill  Question 73 Two days after what event did France and Great Britain declare war on Germany, which is often seen as starting World War II in Europe? The German invasion of Poland  Question 74 Which was not one of the main allied powers (“Big Three”) during World War II? China

 Question 75 What happened in Nanjing during the Japanese invasion of China? Japanese forces executed tens of thousands of Chinese soldiers, murdered tens of thousands of civilians, and raped tens of thousands of women  Question 76 China was in the midst of a civil war during World War II. True  Question 77 As it relates to World War II in Europe, what was the “Final Solution”? The Nazi plan to completely eliminate Jews from Europe through systematic mass murder  Question 78 Alan Turing’s computer, which helped crack German secret codes, contributed to an Allied Victory: Against German submarines in the Battle of the Atlantic  Question 79 What general impact did the end of World War II have on global imperialism? It weakened imperialism and led subjugated peoples around the world to question their place as subject peoples  Question 80 The idea of Joseph Stalin’s Five-Year Plans influenced some newly independent governments that engaged in the process of nationalizing businesses during the 1950s and 1960s. True  Question 81 Which country administered Palestine immediately after World War II?

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Great Britain  Question 82 After World War II, British farmers in Kenya eagerly worked toward Kenyan independence and equality with native Kenyans. False  Question 83 In terms of business and commerce, “privatization” is the process of concerning government-run enterprises into privately-run for-profit businesses. True  Question 84 After independence, India was partitioned into a Muslim nation and a Hindu nation True  Question 85 Democracy was strong and long-lasting in most of the newly established nations that gained their independence after World War II. False  Question 86 In terms of business and commerce, “nationalization” is the process of a government taking over private businesses and managing them as a government-run enterprise True  Question 87 Which is true about how European nations created their empires and drew borders among the lands and people they subjugated across the world? European control linked people of different ethnic divisions together in uneasy associations that laid the ground for future conflict  Question 88

Economist John Maynard Keynes is associated with the idea that: Government spending can stimulate the economy and promote job growth  Question 89 Who was Ernesto “Che” Guevara? A Latin American Marxist revolutionary who became an ally of Fidel Castro in Cuba  Question 90 What was the fate of the Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War? They lost on the mainland and fled to the Island of Taiwan  Question 91 Senator Joseph McCarthy and the House Un-American Activities Committee represented: The fear of communist infiltration in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s  Question 92 Which is true about the North Atlantic Treaty Organization? It is a military pact between the United States, Great Britain, and some European nations, which originated as an alliance against the Soviet Union  Question 93 The Soviet System in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union collapsed between 1989 and 1991, which brought the Cold War to an end. True  Question 94 In the Korean War, the Southern part of the Korean Peninsula was supported by the United States and the United Nations. True  Question 95

Who was Nelson Mandela? A Xhosa anti-apartheid activist who was imprisoned for his work, but later became President of South Africa  Question 96 What does the “iron curtain” refer to? Physical and other barriers that Stalin and Soviet-backed leadership in Eastern Europe erected to control the people who lived in the region  Question 97 Before the United States became heavily involved in its conflict in Vietnam, which European power had a similar experience? France  Question 98 The Russian-built Sputnik was: The first human-made satellite launched into orbit  Question 99 What was the goal of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)? To create a free trade zone in North America and to lower the cost of goods in member nations  Question 100 What does the World Trade Organization (WTO) do? It acts to ensure that global trade and commerce are as unrestricted as possible  Question 101 Which of the following nations withdrew from the European Union during the 2010s? The United Kingdom  Question 102

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Globalization can be defined by political and economic integration, and action, on a worldwide scale. True  Question 103 What happened to the Russian economy and the distribution of wealth after the fall of the Soviet Union? Individuals with political connections were able to buy up valuable businesses and property in order to enrich themselves  Question 104 What did the Venezuelan government do with its profits from the oil industry in the 1990s and after? It used the money on social welfare spending for the poor and economically disadvantaged  Question 105 What are maquiladoras? Mexican factories located south of the American border which make products for the American market Or American citizens who commute to Mexico every day for work  Question 106 The Chinese economy grew substantially, and the Chinese middle class increased dramatically between 2002 and 2012. True  Question 107 The European Union has grown dramatically since its origins in the 1950s. True  Question 108

Which of the below is true about the “Belt and Road Initiative”? It is meant to connect, in terms of transportation and commerce, China with parts of Asia, Europe, and Africa  Question 109 What was one of the main agricultural-related problems that the North American Free Trade Agreement sought to solve? The problem of Cheap American-grown corn flooding the Mexican market, threatening the diversity of corn varieties, and undermining Mexican growers  Question 200 Neoliberalism is often seen as an economic system that increases the freedom of corporations. True

Question for quizes - HIS 102

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