2023%20Fall%20Modern%20Europe%20Assignment%202.pdf
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History 20600/Modern Europe
Assignment #2 -- Early Socialism
Fall 2023
Answer each of the four questions below on Etienne Cabet's Voyage in Icarie of 1842
Etienne Cabet, Voyage in Icaria, 1842
https://www.marxists.org/subject/utopian/cabet/icarus.htm 1. Identify two examples of Etienne Cabet's urban planning for his ideal city as described in Voyage in Icarie.
Two examples of Etienne Cabet’s urban planning that was identified were collective housing and centralized planning. Etienne Cabet's urban planning in "Voyage en Icarie" involved two key elements. First, he promoted collective housing in large buildings, where residents shared resources and responsibilities, fostering a strong sense of unity and equality. Second, he advocated for centralized city planning, emphasizing efficiency and order, with a central administration overseeing all aspects of the city to create a well-organized and harmonious society.
2. Identify an example of the provisions for public health and hygiene described by Cabet in his ideal community. Étienne Cabet talked about his perfect community. In this place, he focused on public health and hygiene by having clean dining halls, public bathhouses, and proper waste disposal. These measures aimed to keep people healthy and clean in his utopian society.
3. Identify an example of the provisions for public art and items of beauty described by Cabet in his ideal community.
One example he described was the presence of aesthetically pleasing public gardens and parks, adorned with sculptures and artwork, to enhance the beauty of the community and provide a sense of cultural enrichment for its residents.
4. According to Cabet's ideal community, how would good morals be promoted by the community?
Étienne Cabet believed that in his ideal community, good morals would be promoted through the following ideas. One of which includes community education. Cabet proposed a communal education system where children would be taught moral values, ethics, and social responsibility from a young age. He also proposes collective living. residents would live collectively and share resources. This communal living was intended to encourage cooperation, empathy, and a sense of responsibility towards one another, reinforcing good morals.
Answer six of the seven questions below on Karl Marx's analysis of the causes of the U. S. Civil War
Karl Marx, The North American Civil War, -- Article #1, October 20, 1861 only
https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/download/Marx_Engels_Writings_on_the
_North_American_Civil_War.pdf 5. Why does Karl Marx in his article The North American Civil War of October, 1861 claim that the mainstream British press falsely describe that war as an issue of free-trade vs. protectionist economic policy?
Karl Marx's critique in his article "The North American Civil War of October, 1861" is a response to the mainstream British press's oversimplification of the complex causes of the American Civil War. He contends that the British press's focus on framing the war as a free-
trade vs. protectionist economic policy issue is overly simplistic and disregards the deeper socio-political and moral factors at play. Marx emphasizes that the fundamental issue in the conflict is the clash between the industrial capitalist North and the agrarian slaveholding South. He sees slavery as both a profound moral and economic dilemma at the heart of the war. Marx's perspective is highly critical of the reductionist approach employed by the British press in their analysis of the war, as he believes it fails to capture the true essence of the conflict.
6. What proof does Marx offer for his claim that the true goal of the Confederacy was the maintenance of a system of slavery, rather than the British press' claim that the Civil War was about the Southerner's desire for independence from Northern domination?
In his article "The North American Civil War of October, 1861," Karl Marx provides several arguments and pieces of evidence to support his claim that the true goal of the Confederacy was the preservation of the system of slavery. Marx points to the economic interests of the Southern slaveholders as a primary motivator for secession. He argues that the Southern elite depended heavily on slave labor for their plantations, and the abolition of slavery would have a devastating impact on their wealth and power.
7. Briefly identify why according to Marx's analysis, attempts to spread slavery into new territories resulted in the formation of the Republican Party in the 1850s.
Marx believed that in the 1850s, when slavery was expanding into new areas, it was a big reason why the Republican Party came into being. This was because it made clear the big differences between the North, which was becoming more industrial, and the South, which relied on agriculture. These differences created a shift in politics, and the Republican Party emerged to oppose the spread of slavery. They wanted to promote free labor and the growth of industrial businesses instead. So, according to Marx, the expansion of slavery fueled the Republican Party's formation as a response to these economic and social conflicts.
8. Why according to Marx's analysis of the
economics
of slave-based production was it essential that slavery expand into new territories? According to Marx's analysis of slave-based production, the expansion of slavery into new territories was essential for several reasons. One being economic growth. Slavery was a system that relied on the forced labor of enslaved individuals to produce agricultural goods like cotton, tobacco, and sugar. To sustain and increase profits, slaveholders needed access to new lands for cultivation to expand production and meet the growing demand for these products.
9. Why according to Marx's analysis of the
politics
of the U.S. before the Civil War was it essential that the slave states maintain an equal number of slave and free states. Marx's analysis of the politics of the U.S. before the Civil War was influenced by his understanding of the role of class struggle and economic interests. He believed that the maintenance of an equal number of slave and free states was essential. By maintaining an equal number of slave and free states, the South could ensure its continued influence in the federal government. This influence allowed them to protect and expand their economic system, including the institution of slavery. The Southern states' economy heavily depended on slave labor for agriculture, particularly cotton production. A shift in the balance of power towards the North could lead to policies that threatened the economic interests of the
Southern plantation owners.
10. Why according to Marx's analysis was is essential for the internal social stability of the South
that slavery expand into new territories? The expansion of slavery into new territories in the American South was seen as essential for internal social stability. Marx saw slavery as a form of capitalist exploitation, where the labor of enslaved individuals produced surplus value for the ruling class. Expanding slavery into new territories provided opportunities to increase profits through the acquisition of more land and resources.
11. Why, according to Marx, was the Republican Party's platform of merely limiting slavery to where it already existed rather than abolishing it nonetheless a fundamental threat to Southern slavery and the slave economy?
The Republican Party's platform of limiting slavery's expansion was a fundamental threat to Southern slavery and the slave economy because it was perceived as undermining the economic, ideological, and political foundations of the Southern slave system. Marx believed that limiting the expansion of slavery into new territories would hinder the growth of the slave-based agrarian economy. Slavery was a key component of the Southern economy, and any restrictions on its expansion were seen as detrimental to the interests of the Southern ruling class.
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