Era 3 - Essential Questions - 3- Distance - 2021 (1)

ERA 3: ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS # 3 [DECOLONIZATION, ABOLITION, AND CONFLICT] Write a response to each of the following questions and / statements. Your responses must be written in complete sentences [you do not need to include the question, but you should not begin a sentence with it or they] and should demonstrate an understanding of the course content. DECOLONIZATION 1. Support the following statement: Napoleon Bonaparte’s conquest efforts in Europe impact ed the Brazilian and Spanish colonies in America? 2. Which of the 2 was most responsible for the revolutions in Latin America; caudillos, juntas, creoles, or the casta system? 3. Which leader would be the least supportive of the Mexican constitution of 1824; Antonio López de Santa Anna, Father Miguel Hidalgo, or Benito Juárez? 4. Why did some Latin American revolutionaries oppose the influence of the Catholic Church? 5. Why is the following quote emblematic of Símon Bó livar’s efforts? “Any Spaniard who does not…work against tyranny in behalf of this just cause will be considered an enemy and punished; as a traitor to the nation, he will inevitably be shot by a firing squad.” 6. In what way did the Confederation of 1867 represent a different approach for a colony to gain independence? 7. Why were Canadian and American decolonization efforts more successful than those that occurred in Latin America [South America or Mexico]? ABOLITION 8. How did the abolition of slavery in Brazil differ from the abolition of slavery in the United States? 9. What role did slavery play in the revolutions in South America? 10. Support the following statement: Britain’s economy was at the heart of the nation’s efforts to abolish the slave trade. 11. How did the Muslim reform movements impact slavery and the trans-Saharan slave trade? 12. What connection exists between the use of slaves in food production and the condition of Muslim women in the Muslim states in Africa?

AN AGE OF ISMS 13. Why was Russi a’s attempt to “Russify” its ethnic populations an example of nationalism’s impact on the minority populations in Europe? 14. Which leader was more effective at creating a national identity unifying their people; Shaka or Rammohun Roy? 15. Support the following statement: Nationalism rather than classical liberalism was a better reflection of the 19th century. 16. What impact did the revolutions of 1848, nationalism, and classical liberalism have on conservative leaders? 17. Were political and economic changes in Italy and in Germany driven more by nationalism or industrialization? Please support your stance with effective evidence. 18. Support the following: the practice of realpolitik employed by European leaders like Cavour of Italy and Bismarck of Germany were in contrast to the ideas of romanticism . ROMANTICISM: The artistic movement known as romanticism spread widely in Europe and the Americas in the 1800s. It differed from rational classical liberal thinking in that romantics were fascinated with nature, the exotic, and emotion. Romantics turned to instinct and sensitivity for inspiration rather than to reason. 19. Which leader would best be described as a personalist leader; Andrew Jackson, Dom Pedro I, or Otto von Bismarck? Please support your choice with effective historical evidence. 20. Why is it accurate to state that conditions for blacks and women in the western hemisphere improved during the 19 th century? Explain your answer. 21. Between utilitarianism, capitalism, nationalism, socialism, and communism, which theory best reflects 19 th century industrialization? Support your selection with evidence. 22. Choose one of the following and connect it to European imperialism: ▪ Cotton production in Egypt, ▪ Rubber extraction in the Amazon and the Congo basin ▪ The palm oil trade in West Africa 23. Which canal’s construction was a better reflection of imperialism, the Suez Canal or the Panama Canal? Support your response with appropriate evidence. 24. How did imperialism in Latin America differ from imperialism in Africa? 25. What impact did the power struggle in Europe have on New Imperialism? 26. How did the great powers of Europe acquire much of West Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific islands? 27. What impact did the depression of the 1870’s have on New Imperialism? 28. In what ways is the Battle of Omdurman a classic example of the disparity that existed between European armaments and the armaments of the indigenous forces of Africa and Asia? 29. In the early years of New Imperialism what was the make-up of most colonial administrations? 30. Why was the cooperation of indigenous elites essential for colonialism to operate? 31. Why do historians refer to the late 1800’s as the “scramble” for Africa? 32. What was the purpose and impact of the Berlin Conference on Africa? 33. How do West Africa, equatorial Africa, and the Gold Coast of Africa compare?