SPH 245 lesson 5

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Rio Salado Community College *

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29321

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History

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Jun 14, 2024

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docx

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2

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1. The ratification of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in 1848, brought the US war with Mexico to an end. The United States gained about half of Mexico when you include Texas. True. (p.140 in the book, mark 5:10 in Mexican American war video) 2. Article One of the Treaty established peace between the United States and Mexico. Articles eight and nine were crucial in that they protected civil and property rights. One example was when they established absentee land ownership. True. ( 0:52 Article 1 ) ( 3:10, Article 8 ) ( 5:36, Article 9 ) Video on " Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo " by Dr. Jacobo 3. It is estimated that approximately 75,000 people who were citizens of Mexico became US citizens when the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed. True. (p.140 in the book lesson 5 under "focusing your learning tab" second paragraph.) 4. Under the Treaty’s provisions, Mexicans wishing to return to Mexico could do so but would lose their American citizenship upon leaving. True. (p.142 in the book) 5. The Gadsden purchase in 1854 was made so that the railroad would have a better route. The most binding promise to Mexican Americans from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo did not apply to the citizens in the Gadsden Purchase. False. (p.141 in the book) To build a southern transcontinental railroad, the United States and Mexico entered into the Gadsden Purchase, whereby the United States purchased a piece of land in the Southwest. The rights and safeguards granted to Mexican Americans by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo remained intact despite this new acquisition. The people living in the recently acquired lands, such as the Gadsden Purchase area, were still subject to the treaty's terms, which protected their civil and property rights. 6. There is evidence that Mexico made attempts to encourage its citizens to be repatriated back to Mexico and leave the United States. True. (p.142 in the book) 7. During the 19th century, only Mexican Americans who resided in Arizona and New Mexico were able to keep some political control at the state level and, therefore, protect some of their rights as citizens. False. (p.143-144 in the book) Despite being close in proximity, Arizona and New Mexico had very different political environments throughout the 19th century. Mexican Americans in New Mexico were able to preserve some political clout at the state level, enabling them to defend a few of their civil rights. Mexican Americans in Arizona did not hold the same degree of political sway, in contrast to other states. Numerous reasons, such as the demographic makeup of each state, historical changes, and unique political dynamics, could be responsible for this discrepancy. 8. In Arizona, Mexicans remained a majority and were able to hold a great deal of political power at the state level through the 1870s. False. (p.144 in the book) Even though there was a sizable Mexican population in Arizona in the 1800s, they were unable to maintain a considerable political influence at the state level until the 1870s. Numerous reasons, such as the historical political, social, and economic dynamics, could be blamed for this. The laws and political system made it challenging for
Mexicans to obtain and use political power. Their inability to influence laws and policies that impacted their communities and way of life would be impacted by their lack of political clout. 9. Tucson and the nearby settlements remained one part of Arizona in which Mexican Americans retained political influence on the local level. True. (p.144 in the book) 10. By 1910, poll taxes were adopted in Texas, which deterred African Americans from voting. However, the poll tax had little impact on Mexican Americans. False. (p. 147 in the book) The claim is untrue as Mexican Americans, especially those with darker skin tones, were disproportionately affected by poll taxes when they were first imposed in Texas in 1910. In addition to being a financial barrier, these levies had a racial component. Laws permitting skin color discrimination were passed in the 1890s. This effectively prevented Mexican Americans with darker skin from voting, a policy that was first put in place to prevent African Americans from casting ballots. Consequently, Mexican Americans' ability to vote was significantly impacted by the poll tax and other discriminatory measures. 11. To retain some control, Mexican Americans changed the capital of the territory of Arizona from Tucson to Prescott in 1864, then to the town of Phoenix in 1887. True. ( p. 144-145 in book) 12. From 1836 to 1850, Mexican Americans in Texas held on to a large degree of political power at the local level. False. ( p. 145-146 in book) The claim is untrue since Mexican Americans in Texas did not hold significant local political power between 1836 and 1850. This resulted from the 1836 Texas constitution, which said that anyone who chose not to take part in the revolution would forfeit their citizenship and whatever property they owned in the republic. This law greatly diminished several Mexican Americans’ political clout and land ownership rights, hence diminishing their local influence. 13. By the 1870s, the Mexican American vote held little power in California. Simultaneously, the tax burden on lands feel heaviest on the Spanish-speaking populations primarily in Southern California. The Southerners were paying 20 times more per citizen than the northern counties. False. (p. 149 in the book) The statement needs to be revised because it fails to account for the tax burden that Spanish-speaking people, particularly those in Southern California, bear. The source stated that these populations were paying thirty-five times more per citizen than the northern counties, not twenty times more. This difference shows how much of an economic divide there was, as well as how much the Mexican American community in Southern California had to pay in taxes in the 1870s. 14. While Mexican Americans’ loss of political power followed their population decline, they were subject to two levels of justice, particularly in Texas and Arizona. True. (p. 150 in the book) 15. Two examples of a notorious lack of justice for Mexican Americans in south Texas were encounters with the Texas Rangers and the Cart War of 1857. True. (p. 153 in the book)
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