Health Promotion Plan
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Health Promotion Plan Melissa Hughes
Capella University
NHS 4060
Professor White
December 19, 2023
Health Promotion Plan
Health Promotion and the reduction of harm has been recognized for its success with public health and population health issues for decades (Gallagher et al., 2021). Health promotion in the African American community has been specifically under a microscope due to their predisposition to developing heart disease. In 2019, it was determined that this group was thirty percent more likely to die from a cardiac adverse event than non-Hispanic whites (
heart disease and African Americans
, n.d.).
Face to Face Scenario
A thirty-year-old African American man named Eddie came into a free clinic that was about an hour away from rural home to sit for a free information session on heart disease. Eddie explains how he has a long family history of cardiovascular deaths, ranging from myocardial infarctions to strokes and he was recently diagnosed with hypertension and wants to prevent any adverse health event from occurring. His primary care physician that he sees once every so often due to the three-hour commute to see him referred him to the clinic to get the support and information needed to prevent the disease from progressing or worsening. Target Population for Heart Disease Health Promotion Plan
Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Heart disease can be categorized into four different diseases: coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, and aortic atherosclerosis. African Americans have a twenty percent higher rate for heart
disease with a forty percent substantial risk for developing a stroke compared to whites. They remain the highest rates for heart disease and stroke among all races and ethnicities in the United
States. Contributing factors to African Americans developing heart disease at a higher rate than whites beyond there genetics is their health behaviors, poor diet, lack of physical activity, insufficient or poor sleep quality, untreated sleep disorders like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (Mensah, 2018). With any disease there are modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors that African Americans should be aware of. Modifiable factors, meaning those that can be changed by the patients will are diet, exercise, smoking cessation, abstain from drinking alcohol, and reducing the level of sodium being consumed. Nonmodifiable risk factors are those that patients cannot change like race, gender, genetics, and age (Yusuf et al., 2020).
Health Promotion Plan & Evidence- Based Practice
The health promotion plan incorporates evidence-based practices associated with decreasing the mortality rate of African Americans with heart disease in the United States. An evidence-based intervention plan called PREMIER is a program that focuses on setting goals for diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and creating a plan of action to change the behaviors and monitor the progression toward those goals. PREMIER showed success due to focusing on cultural relevance for African Americans, interventions that could be adapted and implemented, and was effective at reducing blood pressure in African American patients (Bess et
al., 2019).
Sociogram
Creating a sociogram aids in identifying populations that are at an increased risk of developing heart disease. Eddie’s economic, social, and lifestyle behaviors along with other personal information can be used to help develop a sociogram for him. Eddie is a thirty-year-old
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African American man that has smoked tobacco products since he was fifteen years old and continues to this day. He lives in a rural area, and rarely goes for preventative checkups due to the three-hour commute to his primary provider. Eddie shared that he did not finish high school and works at a lumber yard near his home. Assessing Learning Needs & Resources
Incorporating health promotion and education cannot be complete until Eddie’s needs are
fully assessed, and he is willing to participate in his plan of care. Eddie showed a great concern about developing a myocardial infarction or stroke like his family members have, which is a positive sign he will adhere to the plan of care to prevent his hypertension from worsening. He is
educated enough to read and write but does describe difficult understanding what he is reading in
pamphlets. The patient may need some assistance with understanding medical terminology. A resource that is available to healthcare workers that can aid in helping Eddie with his health is the With Every Heartbeat is Life, which is a program that is tailored specifically to African American culture information and material to help prevent heart disease (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2023). Eddie should also receive resources on smoking cessation since smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. SMART Goals
For this to be a successful health promotion plan the goals must be SMART. SMART is an acronym for specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time bound (MacLeod, 2012). Before the information session is over each audience member will create two SMART goals that will reduce their risk of developing or worsening their heart disease.
1.
Eddie will name two preventative measures he can do at home to prevent heart disease by
the end of the information session
2.
Eddie will name two resources available to him to reduce his risk of developing heart disease by the end of the information session. Conclusion
The health promotion plan is created to establish resources and education needed to help African Americans combat against heart disease. Providing them with resources and information on the disease process and how susceptible they are to developing it can increase their health awareness, health literacy and improve their overall health. Establishing SMART goals helps the patients create goals that are attainable and can be modified if the goal becomes too difficult to obtain.
Reference
Bess, K. D., Frerichs, L., Young, T., Corbie-Smith, G., Dave, G., Davis, K., McFarlin, S., Watson, S., Wynn, M., & Cene, C. W. (2019). Adaptation of an Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Health Intervention for Rural African Americans in the Southeast. Progress in community health partnerships : research, education, and action
, 13
(4), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2019.0060
Gallagher, C.A., Herve-CLaude, L., Keehner, J.R., & Stephen, C. (2021). Health Promotion and harm reduction attributes in one health literature: A scope review. One Health, 13, 100284. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100284
Heart disease and African Americans
. Office of Minority Health. (n.d.). https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/heart-disease-and-african-americans
MacLeod, Les, EdD,M.P.H., L.F.A.C.H.E. (2012). Making SMART Goals Smarter.
Physician Executive, 38
(2), 68-70, 72. http://library.capella.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fscholarly-journals%2Fmaking-smart-goals-smarter%2Fdocview
%2F1284082621%2Fse-2%3Faccountid%3D27965
Mensah G. A. (2018). Cardiovascular Diseases in African Americans: Fostering Community Partnerships to Stem the Tide. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation
, 72
(5 Suppl 1), S37–S42. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2018.06.026
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2023, May 23). With every heartbeat is life: Community health worker resources for African Americans
. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/education/heart-truth/CHW/WEHL
Yusuf, S., Joseph, P., Rangarajan, S., Islam, S., Mente, A., Hystad, P., Brauer, M., Kutty, V. R., Gupta,
R., Wielgosz, A., AlHabib, K. F., Dans, A., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Avezum, A., Lanas, F., Oguz, A., Kruger, I. M., Diaz, R., Yusoff, K., Mony, P., … Dagenais, G. (2020). Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet (London, England)
, 395
(10226), 795–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2