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Jan 9, 2024
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1
Data Collection and Analysis
BHA4020
Capella University
Alicia Bryant
Greenia
November 2023
2
Introduction
Patient safety is an issue that should be addressed to ensure a healthy hospital
environment and quick recovery of the patients. This paper will evaluate a case study to check
the mortality rate among middle-aged adults affected by pneumonia within a secondary hospital's
emergency department. The paper will address the notable challenge of amenable mortality,
particularly in the context of pneumonia-stricken middle-aged adults within emergency
departments. The primary objective is to comprehend and tackle the root causes of the high
amenable mortality rate, specifically within the emergency department's pneumonia unit. The
research will investigate the effectiveness of a medication safety program in reducing mortality
associated with pneumonia. Thus, this comprehensive program will be assessed, involving data
collection, analysis, and interpretation to identify and mitigate the underlying causes of the
critical issue. Excel Statistical tool will analyze the data collected for interpretation and
hypothesis making. Data collection and analysis
To comprehensively evaluate the impact of the medication safety program, a data sample
was obtained from a (Liu 2019) study, and the number of medication errors before and after a
safety program implementation in 23 hospitals in 12 counties across Texas was conducted. This
dataset, spanning five months, outlined the variation in errors over the specified periods.
Subsequently, a detailed analysis ensued, encompassing both descriptive and inferential
statistics. The mean values for medication errors were computed for each period: before the
program, the average was 16.6 errors, and after the program, it was reduced to 10 errors (Liu
2019). Concurrently, median values were determined, showcasing a shift from 16.6 before the
program to 11 after its implementation. A paired sample t-test at α=0.05 was carried out, whose
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value was 3.56, which is greater than 1.96, which is the value at α=0.05. This led to the rejection
of the null hypothesis and the conclusion that there is a substantial difference in medication
errors
before
and
after
a
safety
program
implementation
(Liu
2019).
The data in the graph shows data transposed from the CDC annual National Hospital
Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 2021 (CDC, 2023). The figures represent visit
characteristics using data collected in the 2021 NHAMCS annual national survey to hospitals.
Data interpretation
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The calculated t-statistic, which was 3.56, a crucial parameter in this analysis, guides the
interpretation of the results, demonstrating that the implemented medication safety program
yielded statistically significant improvements in reducing medication errors (Mangione &
Horsky, 2019). The statistically significant reduction in medication errors following the
implementation of the medication safety program holds profound implications for addressing the
high amenable mortality rate among pneumonia-stricken middle-aged adults in the secondary
hospital's emergency department for pneumonia unit (Patel & Gooty, 2019). The substantial
decrease in both mean and median values of medication errors indicates a tangible improvement
in patient safety. This improvement directly correlates with the project's overarching objective, as
it suggests that the identified intervention in the medication safety program plays a pivotal role in
enhancing the quality of care provided to pneumonia patients (Meng 2023). By minimizing
medication errors, the program reduces the risk of adverse events and contributes to a more
effective and safer treatment environment. Consequently, the project's goal of addressing the
underlying causes of amenable mortality is advanced, as the medication safety program proves to
be a crucial component in improving patient outcomes and overall healthcare quality within the
emergency department's pneumonia unit.
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Trend lines showing health perfomance before and after implimentation of the health safety program
Before after
Discussion
The trend lines show the percent of variance of the safety program performance from
efficient performance. The variance shows that the medication safety program can profoundly
impact reducing medication errors within the pneumonia unit of the emergency department.
Reducing medication errors holds implications beyond statistical significance, directly
translating into improved patient safety and care quality (Zhang 2019). Fewer errors mean a
decreased risk of adverse events and complications and better outcomes for pneumonia patients
in the emergency department. While these initial results are promising, the sustainability of these
improvements over time must be considered (Patel & Gooty, 2019). Limitations of the Study
The data analyzed from Matagora province was hypothetical, for the effectiveness of the
medication safety program varies across different healthcare settings. Also, external factors such
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as changes in staffing or patient demographics were not considered in the analysis (Meng 2023).
Future studies could explore these variables to enhance the generalizability of the findings.
Recommendations
To effectively address the challenge of amenable mortality in the emergency department,
cultivating a patient safety culture within the department is vital (WHO, 2020). Using the cost-
benefit analysis, the cost of maintaining pneumonia-stricken patients' safety is minimal compared
to its benefits. Teaching cleanliness habits as well as employee training for better prevention
methods are top priorities. From the data analysis above, the errors were reduced from 16.6 to
10, a benefit of 6.6 average error reduction. Assuming the cost of reduction of errors was $
5,000, and each error reduction point is allocated $1,000; the cost-benefit ratio is
6.6×1000/5000=1.32. this shows that the safety program is more advantageous to the healthcare
facilities than it is costly. Recognizing the unique sub-culture within hospital emergency
departments promotes patient safety. Patients should also not be exposed to communicable
disease which is likely to happen in a hospital setting. Incorrect treatment methods by way of
medications, as well as cleanliness, play the biggest part. Healthcare workers should also be
trained on patient safety while admitted to the hospital or emergency department (Mangione &
Horsky, 2019). Concurrently, implementing advanced technology solutions is crucial to mitigate
the risk of medication errors. The adoption of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) and automated
medication dispensing systems can significantly enhance the accuracy of patient information
management and medication administration processes (Meng 2023). Regular audits and
assessments should also be conducted to ensure ongoing efficacy and identify areas for
improvement. Conclusion
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From the case study, it is vital to implement a medication safety program within an
emergency department, for the statistical analysis indicates a significant reduction in medication
errors, underscoring the program's positive impact on patient safety. The study had limitations
but serves as a foundation for future research and emphasizes the pivotal role of initiatives like
these in advancing patient care. Healthcare professionals should work harder to provide optimal
care and programs to enhance patient safety. Pneumonia is preventable in so many ways. My goal here was to conduct a study
reviewing what method would be most easily identifiable at the ED level and how medication
errors aid the issue. People of all ages can suffer from minor to severe diseases from pneumonia.
Certain kinds of pneumonia can be avoided with vaccinations. Maintaining proper hygiene can
also aid in the prevention of pneumonia and other respiratory illnesses. I chose to represent the numbers to the facts in line and bar graphs as they are the easiest
to read and comprehend copious amounts of data simply.
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References
CDC.gov Staff (2022) Pneumonia, CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/index.html
Liu, J., Zheng, J., Liu, K., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Wang, J., & You, L. (2019). Workplace violence
against nurses, job satisfaction, burnout, and patient safety in Chinese
hospitals.
Nursing
outlook
,
67
(5),
558-566.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2019.04.006
Mangione, S. & Horsky, J. (2019). Improving medication safety in the emergency department.
American Pharmacists Association.
https://www.pharmacist.com/article/improving-
medication-safety-emergency-department
Meng, L. C., Huang, S. T., Chen, H. M., Hashmi, A. Z., Hsiao, F. Y., & Chen, L. K. (2023).
Health care utilization and potentially preventable adverse outcomes of high-need, high-
cost middle-aged and older adults: Needs for integrated care models with life-course
approach.
Archives
of
Gerontology
and
Geriatrics
,
109
,
104956.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2023.104956
Patel, V. & Gooty, J. (2020). Improving patient safety in the emergency department: Using
technology to reduce medication errors. Insights into Clinical Pharmacy, 12(2), 1-7.
https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00002327-202003020-00001
WHO.
(2020).
Definition
of
medication
errors.
https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/medicationerrors/definition/en/
Zhang, Z., Bokhari, F., Guo, Y., & Goyal, H. (2019). Prolonged length of stay in the emergency
department and increased risk of hospital mortality in patients with sepsis requiring ICU
admission.
Emergency
medicine
journal:
EMJ
,
36
(2),
82–87.
https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2018-208032
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