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Jan 9, 2024

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1 Data Collection and Analysis BHA4020 Capella University Alicia Bryant Greenia November 2023
2 Introduction Patient safety is an issue that should be addressed to ensure a healthy hospital environment and quick recovery of the patients. This paper will evaluate a case study to check the mortality rate among middle-aged adults affected by pneumonia within a secondary hospital's emergency department. The paper will address the notable challenge of amenable mortality, particularly in the context of pneumonia-stricken middle-aged adults within emergency departments. The primary objective is to comprehend and tackle the root causes of the high amenable mortality rate, specifically within the emergency department's pneumonia unit. The research will investigate the effectiveness of a medication safety program in reducing mortality associated with pneumonia. Thus, this comprehensive program will be assessed, involving data collection, analysis, and interpretation to identify and mitigate the underlying causes of the critical issue. Excel Statistical tool will analyze the data collected for interpretation and hypothesis making. Data collection and analysis To comprehensively evaluate the impact of the medication safety program, a data sample was obtained from a (Liu 2019) study, and the number of medication errors before and after a safety program implementation in 23 hospitals in 12 counties across Texas was conducted. This dataset, spanning five months, outlined the variation in errors over the specified periods. Subsequently, a detailed analysis ensued, encompassing both descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean values for medication errors were computed for each period: before the program, the average was 16.6 errors, and after the program, it was reduced to 10 errors (Liu 2019). Concurrently, median values were determined, showcasing a shift from 16.6 before the program to 11 after its implementation. A paired sample t-test at α=0.05 was carried out, whose
3 value was 3.56, which is greater than 1.96, which is the value at α=0.05. This led to the rejection of the null hypothesis and the conclusion that there is a substantial difference in medication errors before and after a safety program implementation (Liu 2019). The data in the graph shows data transposed from the CDC annual National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 2021 (CDC, 2023). The figures represent visit characteristics using data collected in the 2021 NHAMCS annual national survey to hospitals. Data interpretation
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4 The calculated t-statistic, which was 3.56, a crucial parameter in this analysis, guides the interpretation of the results, demonstrating that the implemented medication safety program yielded statistically significant improvements in reducing medication errors (Mangione & Horsky, 2019). The statistically significant reduction in medication errors following the implementation of the medication safety program holds profound implications for addressing the high amenable mortality rate among pneumonia-stricken middle-aged adults in the secondary hospital's emergency department for pneumonia unit (Patel & Gooty, 2019). The substantial decrease in both mean and median values of medication errors indicates a tangible improvement in patient safety. This improvement directly correlates with the project's overarching objective, as it suggests that the identified intervention in the medication safety program plays a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of care provided to pneumonia patients (Meng 2023). By minimizing medication errors, the program reduces the risk of adverse events and contributes to a more effective and safer treatment environment. Consequently, the project's goal of addressing the underlying causes of amenable mortality is advanced, as the medication safety program proves to be a crucial component in improving patient outcomes and overall healthcare quality within the emergency department's pneumonia unit.
5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Trend lines showing health perfomance before and after implimentation of the health safety program Before after Discussion The trend lines show the percent of variance of the safety program performance from efficient performance. The variance shows that the medication safety program can profoundly impact reducing medication errors within the pneumonia unit of the emergency department. Reducing medication errors holds implications beyond statistical significance, directly translating into improved patient safety and care quality (Zhang 2019). Fewer errors mean a decreased risk of adverse events and complications and better outcomes for pneumonia patients in the emergency department. While these initial results are promising, the sustainability of these improvements over time must be considered (Patel & Gooty, 2019). Limitations of the Study The data analyzed from Matagora province was hypothetical, for the effectiveness of the medication safety program varies across different healthcare settings. Also, external factors such
6 as changes in staffing or patient demographics were not considered in the analysis (Meng 2023). Future studies could explore these variables to enhance the generalizability of the findings. Recommendations To effectively address the challenge of amenable mortality in the emergency department, cultivating a patient safety culture within the department is vital (WHO, 2020). Using the cost- benefit analysis, the cost of maintaining pneumonia-stricken patients' safety is minimal compared to its benefits. Teaching cleanliness habits as well as employee training for better prevention methods are top priorities. From the data analysis above, the errors were reduced from 16.6 to 10, a benefit of 6.6 average error reduction. Assuming the cost of reduction of errors was $ 5,000, and each error reduction point is allocated $1,000; the cost-benefit ratio is 6.6×1000/5000=1.32. this shows that the safety program is more advantageous to the healthcare facilities than it is costly. Recognizing the unique sub-culture within hospital emergency departments promotes patient safety. Patients should also not be exposed to communicable disease which is likely to happen in a hospital setting. Incorrect treatment methods by way of medications, as well as cleanliness, play the biggest part. Healthcare workers should also be trained on patient safety while admitted to the hospital or emergency department (Mangione & Horsky, 2019). Concurrently, implementing advanced technology solutions is crucial to mitigate the risk of medication errors. The adoption of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) and automated medication dispensing systems can significantly enhance the accuracy of patient information management and medication administration processes (Meng 2023). Regular audits and assessments should also be conducted to ensure ongoing efficacy and identify areas for improvement. Conclusion
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7 From the case study, it is vital to implement a medication safety program within an emergency department, for the statistical analysis indicates a significant reduction in medication errors, underscoring the program's positive impact on patient safety. The study had limitations but serves as a foundation for future research and emphasizes the pivotal role of initiatives like these in advancing patient care. Healthcare professionals should work harder to provide optimal care and programs to enhance patient safety. Pneumonia is preventable in so many ways. My goal here was to conduct a study reviewing what method would be most easily identifiable at the ED level and how medication errors aid the issue. People of all ages can suffer from minor to severe diseases from pneumonia. Certain kinds of pneumonia can be avoided with vaccinations. Maintaining proper hygiene can also aid in the prevention of pneumonia and other respiratory illnesses. I chose to represent the numbers to the facts in line and bar graphs as they are the easiest to read and comprehend copious amounts of data simply.
8 References CDC.gov Staff (2022) Pneumonia, CDC, https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/index.html Liu, J., Zheng, J., Liu, K., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Wang, J., & You, L. (2019). Workplace violence against nurses, job satisfaction, burnout, and patient safety in Chinese hospitals.   Nursing outlook ,   67 (5), 558-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2019.04.006 Mangione, S. & Horsky, J. (2019). Improving medication safety in the emergency department. American Pharmacists Association. https://www.pharmacist.com/article/improving- medication-safety-emergency-department Meng, L. C., Huang, S. T., Chen, H. M., Hashmi, A. Z., Hsiao, F. Y., & Chen, L. K. (2023). Health care utilization and potentially preventable adverse outcomes of high-need, high- cost middle-aged and older adults: Needs for integrated care models with life-course approach.   Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics ,   109 , 104956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2023.104956 Patel, V. & Gooty, J. (2020). Improving patient safety in the emergency department: Using technology to reduce medication errors. Insights into Clinical Pharmacy, 12(2), 1-7. https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00002327-202003020-00001 WHO. (2020). Definition of medication errors. https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/medicationerrors/definition/en/ Zhang, Z., Bokhari, F., Guo, Y., & Goyal, H. (2019). Prolonged length of stay in the emergency department and increased risk of hospital mortality in patients with sepsis requiring ICU admission.   Emergency medicine journal: EMJ ,   36 (2), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2018-208032
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