Positive Impacts of Telemedicine and 3D Printing in Healthcare

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES PRESENTATION Treopia Kingsberry Maria St. Hilaire Dawn Thorpe College of Science, Grand Canyon University HLT-314V-0500 - Health Care Systems Tomeka Toney October 29, 2023

Objectives ● Contrast and describe two technological advances that have positively impacted health care delivery in the United States ● Explain how the two technological advances selected have influenced public opinion of the changing health care system in the United States ● Provide a brief summary of both positive and negative opinions ● Forecast how you believe these two technological advances will affect delivery and utilization of health care in the United States in the future ● What other factors may simultaneously affect health care utilization? 2

3 Introduction ★ Technology transformed healthcare. ★ Digitization has driven healthcare innovation. ★ EHR, telemedicine, mobile health apps, and 3D printing are industry advances (Rampton, Bohmer, & Winkler, 2021). ★ These tools help doctors save money, improve treatment, and boost outcomes. ★ Like any technological advance, digital technologies affect healthcare. ★ Some argue computers "de-humanize" care. ★ Compassionate care should improve with technology.

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4 • According to Snabes (2021), 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is the process of taking a computer-designed 3D model and manufacturing it into a three dimensional model by fusing material together. What is telemedicine? What is 3D printing? • Practice of providing medical care remotely to patients using telecommunication technology TWO TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES THAT HAVE POSITIVELY IMPACTED HEALTHCARE DELIVERY

Examples Telemedicine 3D Printing ● Video conference (i.e., Zoom, Microsoft teams, Facetime) ● Remote monitoring devices (i.e., smartphone, remote patient monitoring (RPM)) ● Implants ● Prosthetics ● New tissue ● Casts ● New organ 5

Public Perception ● Telemedicine and 3D printing have changed public perception of the US healthcare system. ● Telemedicine has transformed healthcare delivery by giving patients virtual access to doctors, especially underserved and rural patients. Telemedicine eliminates the need for patients to travel to a healthcare facility, which is costly and time-consuming . ● 3D printing has enabled implant, prosthetic, anatomical model, and medical equipment development . It was used to make COVID-19 swabs and splitter devices for many persons to use a ventilator. Through organ models, bone and joint implants, and precision equipment, technology has improved surgical practices . 6

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7 Public Perceptions continued… ● These technological innovations have enhanced patient treatment and given healthcare workers real-time, precise population data. This data can help them create more actionable health strategies for everything from individual care to coordinating support networks for broad disease outbreaks . ● Public health practitioners have many chances to develop and implement innovative technological solutions that improve patient care. ● Telemedicine and 3D printing have greatly impacted public perception of the US healthcare system. By facilitating medical product development, virtual access to healthcare professionals, and cost reduction, they have transformed healthcare delivery .

POSITIVE OPINIONS Telemedicine ● Enables patients to get doctors around the globe. ● Patients visit with their doctors in the comfort of their own home. ● Many industries analysis observation increase accessible treatment. 3D Printing ● Surgeons have concluded that 3D printing has significantly impacted bone cartilage restoration and has completely transformed how we treat patients with debilitating musculoskeletal injuries. ● 3D printers can produce highly accurate and detailed anatomical models, assisting surgeons in preparing in complex procedures, improving outcomes, and reducing costs. ● Fabrication of customized medical devices and precise design modifications can be made rapidly by surgeon feedback. 8

9 Telemedicine ● Impersonal care is a change in former relationship between physician and patient ● Increased cost for patients who have a lower income ● The security of personal health data transmitted electronically is a concern Negative Opinions

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Negative opinions continued… 3D Printing ● Not eco friendly ● Limited options of 3D printing material ● Inconsistent quality of printed objects 10

Benefits of Telehealth and 3D Printing for The Future of Healthcare ● Doctors may use telemedicine to build support networks to provide better healthcare services ● Telemedicine saves both the patient and health care provider time and the cost of the treatment ● Easier for patients to get preventative treatment and help their long term health ● Particularly true for those who face financial for regional causes to receive quality treatment ● Although 3D printing presents opportunities for clinical innovation, reimbursement is a challenge ● There are safety issues related to integrating the rapidly evolving technology into the highly regulated field 11

Future Predictions 12 ● Clinicians treat COVID-19 remotely via telemedicine. ● Telemedicine will provide global healthcare. Rural and doctor- inaccessible residents benefit. Telemedicine with AI/ML will be personalized. ● Make COVID swabs and ventilator splitters 3D-printed. ● Future 3D printing will be adaptable. Researchers may 3D-print organs to change transplantation. ● 3D printing allows patient-specific implants and prosthetics. ● Telemedicine and 3D printing could make U.S. healthcare cheaper, more accessible, more customizable.

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Factors that may simultaneously affect health care utilization 13 Telemedicine: ● Reimbursement policies will vary by state and payer ● Digital infrastructure will depend on availability of internet and smart devices ● Patient and provider preference ● Regulatory policies 3D Printing: ● Cost of 3D technology and materials can be too expensive for a healthcare setting ● Regulatory approval is complex and time consuming ● Requires specialized training to use printing effectively ● Data privacy and security ● Intellectual property rights

● Patient socio - demographic variables ● Patient Cooperation ● Patient illness (severity of illness) ● Physician socio - demographic variables ● Physician competence Factors that may simultaneously affect health care utilization continued…

15 AHA. (2023). 3 ways 3D printing is Revolutionizing Health Care: AHA. American Hospital Association. https://www.aha.org/aha- center-health-innovation-market-scan/2022-06-07-3-ways-3d-printing-revolutionizing-health-care American Hospital Association. (2022, June 7). 3 Ways 3D Printing Is Revolutionizing Health Care | AHA. Www.aha.org. https://www.aha.org/aha-center-health-innovation-market-scan/2022-06-07-3-ways-3d-printing-revolutionizing-health-care Bhaskar, S., Bradley, S., Sakhamuri, S., Moguilner, S., Chattu, V. K., Pandya, S., Schroeder, S., Ray, D., & Banach, M. (2020, October 7). Designing futuristic telemedicine using artificial intelligence and robotics in the COVID-19 ERA. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.556789/full Brightscout. (2018, April 5). The past, present, and future of Technology in Healthcare. Brightscout. https://www.brightscout.com/insight/the-past-present-and-future-of-technology-in-healthcare Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Singh, R. P., & Suman, R. (2021). Telemedicine for healthcare: Capabilities, features, barriers, and applications. Sensors International, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100117 References

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16 Lee, A., Hudson, A. R., Shiwarski, D. J., Tashman, J. W., Hinton, T. J., Yerneni, S., Bliley, J. M., Campbell, P. G., & Feinberg, A. W. (2019). 3D bioprinting of collagen to rebuild components of the human heart. Science (New York, N.Y.), 365(6452), 482 – 487. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aav9051 Lee, G. (2021, December). The future of 3D printing in healthcare - Medical Technology | Issue 46 | December 2021 . Medical- Technology.nridigital.com. https://medical-technology.nridigital.com/medical_technology_dec21/3d_printing_healthcare McElroy, J. A., Day, T. M., & Becevic, M. (2020, July 16). The influence of telehealth for better health across communities. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/20_0254.htm Moralez, M. (2022, January 5). What role can 3D printing play in healthcare facilities? - information technology. Healthcare Facilities Today. https://www.healthcarefacilitiestoday.com/posts/What-Role-Can-3D-Printing-Play-in- Healthcare-Facilities--27014 Rampton, V., Bohmer, M., & Winkler, A. (2021, July 7). Medical Technologies Past and present: How history helps to understand the digital era - journal of medical humanities. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10912-021-09699-x Snabes, S. (2021, April 6). What is 3D Printing and How Does It Help Healthcare? IEEE Transmitter. https://transmitter.ieee.org/what-is-3d-printing-and-how-does-it-help-healthcare/ References

17 References StartUs Insights. (2023, February 24). Top 10 3D printing trends in Healthcare (2023). StartUs Insights. https://www.startus- insights.com/innovators-guide/3d-printing-trends-in-healthcare/ What Is Medical 3D Printing and How Does It Work? | Synopsys. (2023). Www.synopsys.com. https://www.synopsys.com/glossary/what-is-medical-3d-printing.html

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