MHA-FPX5062 Assessment 4.edited

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1 HIM System Characteristics and Needs Beth Doeden Capella University MHA-FPX5062 Healthcare Delivery Health Informatics July 23, 2023

2 Introduction Technology in healthcare has made a significant difference in the way we treat and deliver care to our patients. Health informatics has played a significant role in bridging technology and patient care. With the help of analytics and technology tools, clinicians can gain efficiency and aid in clinical decision-making, resulting in better patient care and outcomes. EHRs were first developed and used in 1992 for academic facilities that stored data from patients' charts with large devices (Sittig,2020). Today they are used in all healthcare facilities. They are necessary for storing all healthcare data, securing it for privacy and protection, storing data discreetly for analytical purposes, and real-time HIEs or health information exchanges. Informatics was a result of clinical decision support based on EHRs. Medical schools learned early on the importance of integrating clinical data with digital libraries, which created a need for informatics and was an important goal (Sittig,2020). Throughout the expansion of technology and the ever-changing effects, informatics remains vital in healthcare, continuously finding ways to use information in the EHR and clinical decision support. Analysis I chose the laboratory and the emergency department to analyze external areas. I reviewed the current state of our EHR and compared it to our external areas, and it presented as a good option for St. Anthony's needs. In a study conducted across multiple organizations, adopting a single health information system showed significant benefits. Lab testing decreased by 18%, radiology exams decreased by 6.3%, transcription cost reduced by 74.6%, medical errors decreased by 38.9%, and medication errors decreased by 55.2 %. Clinical decision support scores increased significantly, and admissions and death decreased (Uslu, 2021).

3 Typically, much of health care decision-making is based on data derived from laboratory results which make it essential to have this information available in the HER. In addition, for research and trending reasons, it is essential to have this information easily accessible and extractable (Kurant, 2018). It is also shown that timely access to laboratory data improves test utilization. Laboratory information also becomes easily accessible for accurate coding to ensure accurate claims and billing. The other external department assessed was the emergency department. The EHR enables the electronic movement of health-related information among points of care. The emergency department provides access to patient care, where clinical staff need information about current symptoms and past medical history, family history, and socioeconomics. With the EHR, providers do not wait for procedure results (Ben-Assuli, 2014). The EHR also provides information in real-time for procedure and medication coverage based on the patient's insurance entered in their demographic information helping best direct patient care and being affordable. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) aim to improve collaboration among healthcare professionals. EHRs allow hospitals to store and retrieve detailed patient information used by health care providers, diagnostics, research, billing, and coding over time. This information provides clinical decision support and other tools to aid clinicians in providing safe and effective care. Also, EHRs can help hospitals monitor, improve, and report healthcare quality and safety data, as well as effectively access records and submit accurate information for claims, reportable safety data, and other information exchanges (Silow-Carroll, 2012). Information collected from all patient care areas provides the necessary data to support this work.

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4 Many regulations exist about privacy in EHRs and health information in general. Also, to keep costs down. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act was created 45 years ago to change the relationship between clinicians, healthcare organizations, patients, and payors. This was one of the first focuses on health information technology and providing incentives for compliance. A focus on using data for decision support, chronic disease care, and following and improving quality of care and safety was put into place, and it was a requirement to allow patients to access their medical in electronic format. This was the beginning of meaningful use (Burde,2023). Privacy was another focus expanding beyond HIPAA, which did not cover business associates. Under HITECH, the public must be notified if there are significant security breaches. If the DHS or state attorneys decide to investigate, they can enforce penalties on healthcare organizations if they find willful neglect occurs (Burde,2023). HIPAA, the Healthcare Information Portability and Availability Act of 1996, became law on August 21, 1996. This required a standardized information exchange process emphasizing PHI or protected health information. It also requires all information to be stored electronically and securely. Under HIPAA, documented standard processes must be developed and in place by the healthcare organization to obtain and transfer health information. The same goes for processes for emergency response, specifically data criticality analysis, data backup plan, disaster recovery, emergency mode of operations plan, testing procedures, and documented revisions. HIPAA requires specific privacy requirements monitoring internal audits, revocation and granting of access to health information, ongoing risk evaluations, procedures for termination of employment, securing workstations, ongoing employee security training, and data audit controls (Theodos, 2020).

5 The ACA, or Affordable Care Act, was implemented in 2010. The purpose of the ACA is to provide affordable insurance, healthcare, improve the overall quality of the healthcare system and reduce disparities. The ACA focuses on ACOs and value-based purchasing to control costs and improve compliance with preventive care. The ACOs receive incentives based on healthcare organizations joining together and scoring from them extracted from the EHR through a data exchange providing information about chronic disease follow-up, transitions of care post- hospital discharge, and various other areas (Serakos,2016). Securing the EHR for privacy is crucial since it contains sensitive, protected patient data. A few ways to do this is to put firewalls in place along with encryption. An information technology department would be involved with the creation and maintenance. Regular audits on patient records are commonly practiced reviewing if those accessing records are doing so appropriately. Lastly, training in securing patient data is essential to maintain confidentiality. It is necessary to teach staff what this means and how to do it (Kruse, 2017). Conclusion EHRs have been around for going on three decades. Technology has made significant improvements in the development of EHRs as well as improving patient care and outcomes. Understanding how the EHR can be leveraged to benefit all aspects of healthcare and a facility will aid in creating a healthcare system that can function efficiently, safely, and effectively. Analytics and education have expanded immensely because of the EHR, and improvements in technology and capabilities continue to make vast improvements.

6 References: Ben-Assuli, O., Shabtai, I., Leshno, M., & Hill, S. (2014). EHR in Emergency Rooms: Exploring the Effect of Key Information Components on Main Complaints. Journal of Medical Systems , 38 (4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-014-0036-y Burde, H. (2023). The HITECH Act: An Overview. American Journal of Ethics,13(3):172-175. doi: 10.1001/virtualmentor.2011.13.3.hlaw1-1103 Kurant, D. E., Baron, J. M., Strazimiri, G., Lewandrowski, K. B., Rudolf, J. W., & Dighe, A. S. (2018). Creation and Use of an Electronic Health Record Reporting Database to Improve a Laboratory Test Utilization Program. Applied clinical informatics , 9 (3), 519–527. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1666843 Kruse, C. S., Smith, B., Vanderlinden, H., & Nealand, A. (2017). Security Techniques for the Electronic Health Records. Journal of medical systems , 41 (8), 127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-017-0778-4 Serakos, M., & Wolfe, B. (2016). The ACA: Impacts on Health, Access, and Employment. Forum for health economics & policy, 19(2), 201–259. https://doi.org/10.1515/fhep- 2015-0027 Silow-Carroll, S., Edwards, J. N., & Rodin, D. (2012). Using electronic health records to improve quality and efficiency: the experiences of leading hospitals. Issue brief (Commonwealth Fund) , 17 , 1–40.

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7 Theodos, K., & Sittig, S. (2020). Health Information Privacy Laws in the Digital Age: HIPAA Doesn't Apply. Perspectives in health information management, 18(Winter), 1l.

MHA-FPX5062 Assessment 4.edited

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