Nutrition pharm

Concept: Nutrition Pharmacotherapy: Management of GERD and PUD Classification Example Actions Indications Side Effects N ursing Considerations Antacids Tums Maalox • Reduces total acid load in GI tract, elevates gastric pH to reduce pepsin activity, strengthens gastric mucosal barrier, and increases esophageal sphincter tone. • Disperses mucus-surrounded gas pockets in the GI tract. • Acid indigestion; Calcium supplement when intake is inadequate • Relief of bloating, pressure, fullness, and discomfort of GI gas • Constipation, abdominal pain, anorexia, • • Record amount and consistency of stools. Manage constipation with laxatives or stool softeners. • Monitor calcium level, especially in patients with mild kidney impairment. • Watch for evidence of hypercalcemia (nausea, vomiti ng, headache, confusion, and anorexia). • Drug doesn’t prevent gas formation. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists Famotidine Cimetidine Axid (NIZATIDINE) • Competitively inhibits action of histamine on the H 2 -receptor sites of parietal cells, decreasing gastric acid secretion. • Short-term treatment for duodenal and gastric ulcer; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; GERD and heartburn • Active benign gastric ulceration; maintenance therapy • headache, dizziness; agitation • diarrhea, erectile dysfunction. • Runny nose • Assess patient for abdominal pain. • Look for blood in emesis, stool, or gastric aspirate. • Monitor patients with renal dysfunction for QT-interval prolongation. • Prokinetic agents Metoclopramide • Stimulates motility of upper GI tract, increases lower esophageal sphincter tone, and blocks dopamine receptors at the chemoreceptor trigger zone. • To prevent or reduce nausea and vomitin g from emetogenic cancer chemotherapy • To prevent or reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting • GERD • seizures, suicidality, bronchospasm • Monitor bowel sounds. • Drug may cause tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonian symptoms, and motor restlessness. Monitor patient for involuntary movements of face, tongue, and extremities, which may indicate tardive dyskinesia or