PA Measurement Assignment Part3 fnl-1
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PA Measurement Assignment Part 3 50 points Approximately 80-100 words per paragraph 1.
Objective Measures a.
Describe the objective PA measurement device that you used and explain and discuss the output that it produced. Discuss and compare the results you recorded in relation to the current Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
(Hint: make sure that you address all the guidelines)
.
Do you think the values you recorded from your device is a good representation of your overall activity level? Explain why or why not. (3 points). The physical activity device that was utilized was an apple watch. The device relies on accelerometer, arm motion and heart rate to measure movement. The accelerometers measure the body motion aka acceleration. It also measures in degrees of movement. This provides a very detailed output of frequency duration of movement and can provide estimations of intensity. The results of my objective device was an average of 1 hour of physical activity for three days a week. Over the span of a week this averaged 25 minutes of exercise a day. As far as the guideline recommending adults move more instead of sitting, my step count reflected that I spent a decent deal of time moving around during the day. My results met the recommended 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week. My results showed I did about 180 minutes of exercise a week. I didn’t meet the recommendation of attempting to reach 300 minutes of moderate- intensity exercise per week, for added health benefits. I participated in muscle-
strengthening activities 3 days a week which is above the recommended 2 days per week. I don’t think the values recorded from my device was an accurate representation of my exercise level. I found when I was at the gym, I would need to specify on my device that I was doing strength training because it didn’t chart my session as exercise. I tend to be more active than what I felt was portrayed on my health app. Even though I was being active my activity wasn’t being properly included. b.
Do you think that the objective method you used is a valid and appropriate criterion method to use to compare other subjective type measures? In your answer make sure you explain and define validity and discuss what is meant by a criterion measure. Justify your rationale and cite at least 1 appropriate reference
regarding validity of objective methods in your discussion. Provide your references (APA style and include the url link). (3 points) I do not believe accelerometers are a valid and appropriate criterion method to use to compare other subjective measures. The validity of the method is the methods ability to measure exactly what it is supposed to measure. The criterion is how closely related to the “gold standard” the measurements from the method are. The accelerometer is supposed to measure body motion and can provide information on both frequency and intensity. Although this method fails to measure exercises that produce less body acceleration (Femiano, 2022). These methods don’t account for the energy expenditure of things like weightlifting or isometric exercises. Steps can also be overestimated when there is arm movement without walking, therefore the device overestimates energy expenditure. Due to the lack of measurements being closely related to the “gold standard” because of the room for error, it is not an appropriate criterion for subjective measure.
2 Femiano, R., Werner, C., Wilhelm, M., & Eser, P. (2022). Validation of open-source step-counting algorithms for wrist-worn tri-axial accelerometers in cardiovascular patients. Gait & Posture
, 92
, 206–
211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.11.035 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966636221006196 c.
Identify which ONE setting (i.e., public/community health, workplace wellness, fitness, or health care), you think that this device would best be
utilized to measure physical activity. In your answer discuss one positive
aspect and one limitation or weakness
for using this device in the setting you chose. Explain your rationale. (
2 points
) One setting this device would be best utilized is in a health care facility where exercise is monitored by a professional. This device allows for a good measurement of things like brisk walking or running. In a health care facility that may deal with patients who are only able to do things like take short walks, this would be a good device. One limitation of this device would be the location of where the device is worn. The device may not provide accurate measurements for arm movements when worn on the waist. d.
Describe your
experience using this device and provide at least 1 specific example of either
a positive experience or a problem you encountered from your experience using the device. Justify your answer. (2 points) One problem I encountered when wearing this device was the comfortability of it in relation to my exercise. I couldn’t wear the device when I was utilizing wrist straps because it got in the way. I had to remove the device then place it on after my set of that workout. I also found that when in a seated position doing exercises like leg extensions, I was not getting a reading on the exercise I was doing. So when doing strength training I found the lack of acceleration of my body in certain positions didn’t allow for the device to accurately represent my energy expenditure. 2.
Subjective Measures : Logs/ Records a.
Recall the activity values you recorded when using the Ainsworth PA Record (APAR) and
the Bouchard PA Log (BPAL). Discuss and compare these results in relation to the current Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (Hint: make sure that you address all the guidelines)
.
Do you think this value is a good representation of your overall activity level? Explain why or why not. (3 points). The results of the APAR and BPAL indicated that I had approximately 2,300 MET-min for my activity per day. When reviewing my sedentary time for both the APAR and BPAL form, they indicated that the time I spent sitting was broken up by activity. This caused me to meet the first guideline that promotes sitting less through the day. Regarding the second guideline, according to both forms I participated in about 4 hours of moderate intensity activity. Therefore, I would meet the recommended guidelines. The third guideline, I would meet, requires more than 300 minutes of moderate intensity in a week. On the day recorded I didn’t participate in weight training so on these forms I would not meet the last guideline. I do believe this is a good representation of my overall activity level. These forms were very tedious, which allowed for all activity to be tracked. The log format of these forms allows for the activity to be accurately judged. Even full body movements such as occupational and leisure time activity receive a fair measurement compared to
3 devices that only count steps. Since it was only recorded over one day, I wouldn't meet the intended guideline for muscular strength training which I see as the one negative to these forms. b.
What is the general validity/accuracy and reliability of PA logs such as the APAR and BPAL to measure physical activity? In your answer make sure you explain and define what is meant by validity and reliability and make sure that you cite at least 1 appropriate reference
about PA logs, records, or diaries to substantiate your answer. Provide your references (APA style and include the url link). (3 points) The general validity of the physical activity logs such as the Ainsworth PA Record (APAR) and the Bouchard PA Log (BPAL) tend to be low validity. Validity is referring to the methods ability to measure what is it supposed to be measuring. The reliability of these logs also scores low. The reliability is referring to how reliable the method is at obtaining accurate measurements. The validity of logs, records, and diaries tends to be higher than other subjective measurements. Although it is important to consider the tedious nature of these assessments. Due to their detail, it can cause both over and under-reporting of total activity (Primacakti, 2014). In some cases, participants may not complete the form at all. Among the subjective measures these logs allow for all forms of physical activity to be measured. Primacakti, F., Sjarif, D. R., & Advani, N. (2014). Physical activity assessments in obese and non-obese adolescents using the bouchard diary. Paediatrica Indonesiana
, 54
(3), 137. https://doi.org/10.14238/pi54.3.2014.137-43 https://libkey.io/libraries/158/articles/405524154/full-text-file c.
Identify which ONE setting (i.e., public/community health, workplace wellness, fitness, or health care), you think that activity logs or records such as the APAR or BPAL would best be
utilized to measure physical activity. In your answer discuss one positive
aspect and one limitation or weakness
for using these type methods in the setting you chose. Explain your rationale. (
2 points
) The best place for these forms to be utilized would be in workplace wellness. More particularly a service where the workers come to you. The forms can begin to show the importance of small activity like doing dishes or even vacuuming. It gives a worker who might be in an office setting, the awareness of small activity bouts. This can help workers break up sitting time with a quick stroll around the office to help meet one of the activity guidelines. The forms limitations lie in the tedious nature. It can be time consuming to track every detail of a day. Some may find this option “high cost”. d.
Describe your experience completing the Ainsworth PA Record and
the Bouchard PA Log. Provide at least 1 specific example of either a positive experience or a problem you encountered from your experience using these tools. Justify your answer. (2 points)
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4 My biggest issue with both forms was remembering to write down small details. I didn’t realize something as small as brushing my teeth or doing my makeup needed to be tracked. I struggled to categorize different activities I did as well. Things I had considered not important to chart down began showing up when I did my search for MET values. That’s when I realized these forms are extremely tedious. The BPAL I didn’t find as bad as the APAR because most of the “full day” I was tracking down was me sleeping. But both were hard because it started as soon as I woke up. 3.
Subjective Measures: Global Questionnaires a.
Recall the activity category you recorded when using the Stanford Brief Activity Survey (SBAS). Discuss and compare your results from this survey in relation to the current Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. (Hint: address all the guidelines)
.
Do you think this category is a good representation of your overall activity level? Explain why or why not. (3 points). The activity level I received on the Stanford Brief Activity Survey (SBAS) was occupational level “B” and leisure letter “G”. The activity level I fell into was “light-intensity activity”. This form does not indicate that I am meeting the physical activity guidelines for Americans. The categories I choose didn’t satisfy the guideline concerning muscular strengthening activities at least twice per week. The guideline regarding a minimum of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous- intensity exercise a week was not met by the activity level. I do not agree with this as a representation of my overall activity level. I believe I experienced some confusion when deciding which category to place myself in. When reviewing the form, I realized I didn’t meet all the criteria for certain categories so it led me to go with another category I was sure I would meet, even if it was not a full representation of my activity level. b.
What is the general validity/accuracy and reliability of global questionnaires such as the SBAS to measure physical activity? In your answer make sure you explain and define what is meant by validity and reliability and make sure that you cite at least 1 appropriate reference
about global PA questionnaires to substantiate your answer. Provide your references (APA style and include the url link). (3 points) The general validity of the physical activity questionnaires such as the Stanford Brief Activity Survey (SBAS) tend to be low validity. Validity is referring to the methods ability to measure what is it supposed to be measuring. The reliability of these global questionnaires also scores low. The reliability is referring to how reliable the method is at obtaining accurate measurements. The global fitness questionnaire scored low on validity in comparison to objective measures like physical fitness (Herrmann, 2013). This type of assessment allows for people to provide inaccurate information regarding their physical activity level. Herrmann, S. D., Heumann, K. J., Der Ananian, C. A., & Ainsworth, B. E. (2013). Validity and reliability of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science
, 17
(3), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367x.2013.805139
5 https://web-p-ebscohost-com.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=85f11c89-acb3-
441b-b4b2-075f8d1c085d%40redis c.
Identify which ONE setting (i.e., public/community health, workplace wellness, fitness, or health care), you think that a global questionnaire such as the SBAS would best be
utilized to measure physical activity. In your answer discuss one positive
aspect and one limitation or weakness
for using this type of questionnaire in the setting you chose. Explain your rationale. (
2 points
) One ideal environment would be public/community health settings for the Simplified Physical Activity Questionnaire. The form is extremely simple and allows for little cost to the person utilizing it. It’s a quick self-report form that can be done practically from anywhere. A positive of this form is that it considers both leisure and occupational physical activity. In the setting of public health this measure is important to consider. One limitation of this form in this setting is the inaccurate self-reporting of physical activity levels. This limitation is due to people falling victim to answer bias. d.
Describe your experience completing SBAS. Provide at least 1 specific example of either a positive experience or a problem you encountered from your experience using this technique. Justify your answer. (2 points) I found this form to be low to no cost to me. The only issue I can express about this form is the tendency to over-report the activity level. When deciding between two different levels it can feel like you land in the middle of the two. When in this scenario it is easy to choose the higher activity level. Some jobs like mine fell into two different categories. This may not be the best representation of overall physical activity level. 4.
Subjective Measures: Short Recall Questionnaires a.
Recall the activity values and the activity category you recorded when using International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Discuss and compare your results from this questionnaire in relation to the current Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. (Hint: address all the guidelines)
.
Do you think this value and category are a good representation of your overall activity level? Explain why or why not. (3 points). The activity level I received on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was “moderate”. The form estimated that total activity MET-min was 1170. The form confirmed that I am meeting the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. These guidelines include a minimum of 2 days a week of muscular strengthening activities. A minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous- intensity exercise a week is also included in the guidelines. When completing this form, I totaled 270 minutes of vigorous activity for the week. Which exceeds the guideline recommendations. I do believe the activity level of ‘moderate” was a good representation of my overall activity level. I work out at the gym consistently and the exercise bouts accurately displayed the time I was spending in the gym.
6 b.
What is the general validity/accuracy and reliability of short recall PA questionnaires such as the IPAQ-
SF to measure physical activity? In your answer make sure you explain and define what is meant by validity and reliability and make sure that you cite at least 1 appropriate reference
about short recall PA questionnaires to substantiate your answer. Provide your references (APA style and include the url link). (3 points) The general validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) is low. Validity is referring to the methods ability to measure what is it supposed to be measuring. The reliability of IPAQ-SF also scored low. Reliability refers to how reliable the method is at obtaining accurate measurements. In the case of this study, it was concluded that with verbal direction of the form before allowing someone to complete it, increased validity (Kohlbrenner, 2022). The form does allow an opportunity for over-reporting, but with guidance this can be minimized. Therefore, it becomes a moderate validity tool for measuring physical activity level. Kohlbrenner, D., von Moos, S., & Schmid-Mohler, G. (2022). Criterion validity and test-retest reliability of a modified version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF) in kidney transplant recipients. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences
, 3
. https://doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2022.808476 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.808476/full c.
Identify which ONE setting (i.e., public/community health, workplace wellness, fitness, or health care), you think that a short recall questionnaire such as the IPAQ-SF would best be
utilized to measure physical activity. In your answer discuss one positive
aspect and one limitation or weakness
for using this type of questionnaire in the setting you chose. Explain your rationale. (
2 points
) One setting that may benefit from using the international physical activity questionnaire - short form (IPAQ-SF) would be a public/community health environment. The brief recall questionnaire can recall activity type, frequency, and duration over a period. This can help get an idea of what a typical week can look like for an individual. This can be a positive because it allows for programs to encourage physical activity tailored to the individual. One negative is recall bias, which is when the individual may not recall all they had done in the week, therefore leading to over reporting. d.
Describe your experience completing IPAQ-SF. Provide at least 1 specific example of either a positive experience or a problem you encountered from your experience using this technique. Justify your answer. (2 points) The problem I encountered when using the international physical activity questionnaire - short form was recalling how active I had been. The time period I had to remember back to was the last 7 days. I struggled to estimate the time I spent doing vigorous vs moderate physical activities. Although this form came at little cost, it is very open to the problem of over reporting of activity. I found that the timespan may also not be the most accurate because personally my weeks look very different.
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7 5.
Subjective Measures: Quantitative History Questionnaires a.
Recall your overall activity values you recorded when using Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ). Discuss and compare your results from this questionnaire in relation to the current Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. (Hint: address all the guidelines)
.
Do you think this value is a good representation of your overall activity level? Explain why or why not. (3 points). When recording through the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire my activity level was estimated to be 178 MET-min/week. The Physical Activity Guidelines of a minimum of two muscular strength training was met by me. I marked participation in strength training on the form for each month of the year. I met the guideline for physical activity of at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity exercise. I don’t believe this measure of strength training participation is a good representation of my overall fitness level in this area. I struggled to figure out how many times I went to the gym per month and in fear of over-
reporting I under-reported instead. The MAQ placed me in the category of A and B for my occupational activity level. Recalling information from jobs I had long ago definitely caused inaccurate reporting. b.
What is the general validity/accuracy and reliability of quantitative history PA questionnaires such as the MAQ to measure physical activity? In your answer make sure you explain and define what is meant by validity and reliability and make sure that you cite at least 1 appropriate reference
about quantitative history PA questionnaires to substantiate your answer. Provide your references (APA style and include the url link). (3 points) Validity is referring to the methods ability to measure what is it supposed to be measuring. The reliability is referring to how reliable the method is at obtaining accurate measurements. The general validity and reliability of the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ) was moderate. This tool is recommended to be paired with a form of objective measurements (Ball, 2016). Physical activity level was accurate with 90% of participants who reported not meeting the physical activity guidelines. When assessing a population who has low physical activity levels the accuracy of this questionnaire increases. Ball, T. J., Joy, E. A., Gren, L. H., & Shaw, J. M. (2016). Concurrent validity of a self-reported physical activity “VITAL SIGN” questionnaire with Adult Primary Care Patients. Preventing Chronic Disease
, 13
. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd13.150228 https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/pdf/15_0228.pdf c.
Identify which ONE setting (i.e., public/community health, workplace wellness, fitness, or health care), you think that a quantitative history questionnaire such as the MAQ would best be
utilized to measure physical activity. In your answer discuss one positive
aspect and one limitation or weakness
for using this technique in the setting you chose. Explain your rationale. (
2 points
) In the fitness setting the modifiable activity questionnaire would be best utilized. This form can allow for an overview of how many different activities someone could have dabbled in over the last year. Someone who is very active would be a great fit for this form because it gives an idea of all the different types of fitness an individual might be training for. A limitation of this form is the span of time. A year is a long time and asking someone what they have been doing over each month can leave lots of room for wrong reporting.
8 d.
Describe your experience completing MAQ. Provide at least 1 specific example of either a positive experience or a problem you encountered from your experience using this technique. Justify your answer. (2 points) This form was not my favorite to complete. The modifiable activity questionnaire is such a broad timespan that feels practically impossible to remember back to. This form caused me some stress because I couldn’t recall all activities that I had done ten plus times. More importantly I did not know how many times each month. My ability to judge how long ago something was practically not there and that became very clear when completing this form. I think over or even under reporting became an issue because I couldn’t recall back as far as a year.