Jose Peraza Models

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Louisiana State University *

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51464

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Health Science

Date

Feb 20, 2024

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Uploaded by CaptainAtomGull14

Occupation Based Models/Frames of Reference Template ACOTE Standard: B.2.11, B.3.2 Explanation : During the course of the semester, this class will cover overarching theories and frames of reference guiding occupational therapy assessment and intervention. This is an ungraded learning activity that you will submit regularly throughout the term, which is designed to reinforce key concepts and information that will be assessed through the Signature Assignment, other assignments, and the Midterm and Final Exams. It is strongly recommended that students complete this activity in groups to allow for discussion and clarification of concepts (but individual submission is required). Occupation Based Models/Frames of Reference (FOR) MODEL/FOR: Canadian Model of Occupation Performance (CMOP-E) Model/FOR Component Definitions Focus of the Model/FOR Occupation, health, and well-being. guidelines for assessment and intervention based on OT philosophy and client-centered approach. View people as a whole, as a large system. Includes person, occupation and model. Assumptions Adaptation relies on how well the individual's competence aligns with the environmental demands for occupational performance. There are different demands and issues for each client. Main Concepts - The client and therapist work together to determine the best way for the client to perform a task. - Trusting the client to carry out a plan of action. - A collaborative partnership where both the therapist and the client each bring their own expertise. View of the Person View person as a whole - The person includes cognitive, physical, sensory, and spiritual View of Occupation Occupational performance- engagement in self-care, productivity, leisure. Subdivided into physical, cognitive and affective. View of Environment Includes physical (natural, man-made), cultural (race, religion, value), social (roles), and institutional

FUNCTION/DYSFUNCTION CONTINUUM How does this Model/FOR define healthy or optimal functioning? How does this Model/FOR define Dysfunction/Disability? - Optimal functioning is characterized by a good balance among the person, their environment, and their occupation. - Dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance among the person, their environment, and their occupation. GUIDE FOR EVALUATION-What is the focus of evaluation? What tools are available? In evaluation, occupational therapists can use the COMPE model to identify the level of difficulty in the client’s occupational performance. The client can also give scores to the level of satisfaction and performance of those identified difficult occupations. Occupational therapists are thus able to provide treatment according to the client’s individual needs. This will help occupational therapists to develop client-centered treatment plans, and it will also allow the client to engage in treatment planning and increase their motivation and compliance in treatment. GUIDE FOR INTERVENTION-What is the focus of intervention? What tools are available? As a client-centered approach four stages of intervention are outlined for occupational therapy: biomedical rehabilitation, client-centered rehabilitation, community rehabilitation, independent living. CHANGE AND MOTIVATION-According to the Model/FOR, how does change occur? Motivation toward personal growth and self-actualization is an assumption of PEO and is facilitated by clients’ participation in identifying meaningful goals and occupational priorities. Change occurs as enablement or targeted social change through occupation, addressing the social structures that influence engagement in everyday life. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE Model/FOR Strengths: are COMPE also enables therapists to concentrate on patients' perceptions and to develop effective intervention strategies. Weakness: is not suitable for patients with stroke who exhibit cognitive deficits, and the goals set during a COMPE interview may not be achievable. COMPARE AND CONTRAST THIS Model/FOR WITH THE OTHERS STUDIED: Identify overlapping concepts between this and other models Both have person, occupation, and environment. They are both top-down. Both CMOP-E and PEO’s focus on intervention for occupational performance. Identify concepts unique to this model With CMOP-E, the focus of intervention is on the person, occupation, environment fit between these factors.

Occupation Based Models/Frames of Reference Template ACOTE Standard: B.2.11, B.3.2 Explanation : During the course of the semester, this class will cover overarching theories and frames of reference guiding occupational therapy assessment and intervention. This is an ungraded learning activity that you will submit regularly throughout the term, which is designed to reinforce key concepts and information that will be assessed through the Signature Assignment, other assignments, and the Midterm and Final Exams. It is strongly recommended that students complete this activity in groups to allow for discussion and clarification of concepts (but individual submission is required). Occupation Based Models/Frames of Reference (FOR) MODEL/FOR: Person Environment Occupation Performance Model (PEOP) Model/FOR Component Definitions Focus of the Model/FOR Focused on client-centered practice. The person is viewed as a whole, part of a larger system that impacts their occupations. Focuses on personal characteristics, environment, and activity of being addressed. - The PEOP model helps to explain the complex nature of occupational performance. Assumptions Occupational performance influenced by: - Exchange between person, environment, and occupation - Imbalance during conflicts - Occupational performance is realized according to a person’s desired roles within a sociocultural environment. Main Concepts - Highlights complexity of person-occupation-environment relationships - Extensive research that shows the relevance of a person’s behaviors and environments, and how they are connected - Four critical variables - Occupations - Occupational performance - Person factors - Environment factors View of the Person Consists of internal factors that include their capabilities such as cognition, psychological, physiological, sensory, motor, and spirituality. - Mind Body and spirit

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- Person’s intrinsic factors View of Occupation Activities, tasks, and roles to manage one’s life. - Occupation meets the natural need for self maintenance, expression, fulfillment View of Environment External factors that impact performance such as culture, social determinants, social support and social capital, education and policy, physical and natural, assistive technology. - Usually more susceptible to change and adaptation FUNCTION/DYSFUNCTION CONTINUUM How does this Model/FOR define healthy or optimal functioning? How does this Model/FOR define Dysfunction/Disability? - Focuses on the well being of the individual. - Successful participation and satisfaction of one's well being. - Desirees of competency match demand to perform such occupations. - When an individual's occupational performance is restricted or limited. - Occupational competence is not met. - Lack of goal attainment is demonstrated. GUIDE FOR EVALUATION-What is the focus of evaluation? What tools are available? Narrative phase, assessment and evaluation phase, intervention phase and the outcome phase GUIDE FOR INTERVENTION-What is the focus of intervention? What tools are available? Aim to increase occupational performance competency, develop life-long skills, and increase sense of health and well-being. Universal principles for occupational therapy interventions - Client centered - Evidence based - Ethics and advocacy - Effective communication strategies - Cultural sensitivity - Currency in the field - Fundamental knowledge - Therapeutic use of self Intervention objectives: - Appreciate restorative benefits of occupational performance - Recognize the role of the environment as it affects a person’s health condition and participation in meaningful activities, tasks, and life roles - Enhance occupational performance by structuring occupations for meaningful participation and competent mastery

- Enhance role functioning by increasing and modeling skill development, managing multiple role participation, and clarifying role expectations from an internal and external perspective CHANGE AND MOTIVATION-According to the Model/FOR, how does change occur? Motivation can be measured by the degree that a person desires to explore their environment and demonstrates mastery within themselves. The change process begins by gathering the client's view of a problem then matches the intrinsic factors also known as the performance enablers with the intervention demands. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE Model/FOR - Strengths- Does not focus on reductionism. Client centered. Focuses on targeting the person, occupation and environment - Weakness- Certain intrinsic and extrinsic factors are hard to change COMPARE AND CONTRAST THIS Model/FOR WITH THE OTHERS STUDIED: Identify overlapping concepts between this and other models PEOP vs. MOHO- Differences Environment: - MOHO- surrounds - PEOP- acts directly Identify concepts unique to this model PEOP vs. MOHO- Unique - Well rounded for a variety of clients - Client centered and holistic Top-down approach - Identifies 5 dimensions of an individual (Psychological, cognitive, spiritual, physiological, and motor) Occupation Based Models/Frames of Reference Template ACOTE Standard: B.2.11, B.3.2 Explanation : During the course of the semester, this class will cover overarching theories and frames of reference guiding occupational therapy assessment and intervention. This is an ungraded learning activity that you will submit regularly throughout the term, which is designed to reinforce key concepts and information that will be assessed through the Signature Assignment, other assignments, and the Midterm and Final Exams. It is strongly recommended

that students complete this activity in groups to allow for discussion and clarification of concepts (but individual submission is required). Occupation Based Models/Frames of Reference (FOR) MODEL/FOR: Person Environment Occupation (PEO) Model/FOR Component Definitions Focus of the Model/FOR A person centered approach with a dynamic transactional interrelationships between person, contexts within the environment, and occupations performed within their roles. look at how person, occupation, and environment overlap to create occupational performance Assumptions There is mutual dependence between person, environment, and occupation. Main Concepts Person-centered approach View of the Person Physical, cognitive, sensor, affective, spiritual View of Occupation Self-care, productivity/work, leisure, rest/sleep ~activity: basic unit of task ~task: smallest conceptual part of occupation Occupation: set of task associated with roles Greater the circle= larger the occupational performance View of Environment Physical, social, culture, institutional, virtual FUNCTION/DYSFUNCTION CONTINUUM How does this Model/FOR define healthy or optimal functioning? How does this Model/FOR define Dysfunction/Disability? The client is in tune in their individual characteristics, capacities, strengths, and limitations related to occupational performance. This includes physical abilities, cognitive functions, sensory processing, emotional well-being, social skills, cultural background, values, Dysfunctions related to the person may involve impairments, limitations, or deficits in physical, cognitive, sensory, emotional, or social functioning that hinder occupational performance. Dysfunctions related to the environment encompass barriers, constraints, or challenges within the physical, social,

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interests, and personal goals. The person involves understanding their unique attributes and how these factors influence their ability to engage in meaningful occupations. The environment helps identify factors that enhance or impede the person's ability to participate in desired occupations within their surroundings. This includes identifying the types of occupations the person engages in, the level of satisfaction and competence associated with these activities, the demands and requirements of various roles and tasks, and the extent to which occupations contribute to overall well-being and quality of life. cultural, or institutional context that limit or restrict occupational participation. Dysfunctions related to occupation involve difficulties, obstacles, or disruptions in the ability to perform meaningful activities, roles, or tasks. GUIDE FOR EVALUATION-What is the focus of evaluation? What tools are available? These guides provide structured frameworks for assessing the person, environment, and occupation. They help therapists gather comprehensive information about the client's strengths, challenges, goals, and contextual factors. Some assessments include the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST). GUIDE FOR INTERVENTION-What is the focus of intervention? What tools are available? Occupational therapists employ a variety of interventions informed by the PEO model to address client needs and goals. These interventions may include activity modification, environmental adaptations, skill-building exercises, education and training, compensatory strategies, behavior modification techniques, and advocacy efforts. CHANGE AND MOTIVATION-According to the Model/FOR, how does change occur? The goal of the PEO model is to acknowledge the person is going to undergo change throughout their lifetime. These changes can be physical, cognitive, emotional, or social in nature. Occupational therapists employ various strategies to facilitate change and motivation within the PEO model. These strategies may include goal setting,

activity analysis, environmental modifications, skill development, behavioral interventions, motivational interviewing, and collaboration with clients to identify meaningful goals and values. By addressing the dynamic interplay between the person, environment, and occupation, therapists help individuals navigate transitions, overcome obstacles, and enhance their overall well-being and occupational satisfaction. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE Model/FOR The strengths of the PEO model is the flexibility of using this to evaluate a client. The PEO model is a holistic approach that observes and evaluates the dynamic relationship of the person, environment, and occupation. In contrast, the PEO model can create hindrance to novice occupational therapists. Measuring the environment can increase obstacles to understanding the needs of the client seeking treatment and is at risk of personal factors impacting occupational performance being overlooked. There are also limited assessments and tools that are worked within the PEO model that follow more in depth of the person’s needs. COMPARE AND CONTRAST THIS Model/FOR WITH THE OTHERS STUDIED: Identify overlapping concepts between this and other models In PEO, occupational performance shares a similar concept to COMP-E and MOHO by highlighting occupational performance. In terms of environment PEO is environmentally centered in humans, similarly to OA (Occupational Adaptation). Identify concepts unique to this model What is unique about the PEO model is the focus on the dynamic interaction between person, environment, and occupation. PEO considers occupation central to human beings and promotes well-being for a well balanced life.

Occupation Based Models/Frames of Reference Template ACOTE Standard: B.2.11, B.3.2 Explanation : During the course of the semester, this class will cover overarching theories and frames of reference guiding occupational therapy assessment and intervention. This is an ungraded learning activity that you will submit regularly throughout the term, which is designed to reinforce key concepts and information that will be assessed through the Signature Assignment, other assignments, and the Midterm and Final Exams. It is strongly recommended that students complete this activity in groups to allow for discussion and clarification of concepts (but individual submission is required). Occupation Based Models/Frames of Reference (FOR) MODEL/FOR: EHP Model/FOR Component Definitions Focus of the Model/FOR F ocuses on understanding the dynamic interplay between individuals, their occupations, and the environments in which they engage. Assumptions Dynamic Interaction: Human performance is inﬂuenced by dynamic interactions among individuals, their chosen occupations, and the environment. Adaptation: Individuals have the capacity to adapt their skills, modify the environment, and alter occupational demands to optimize performance. Meaningful Occupations: Engagement in meaningful occupations is essential for individual well-being and identity development. Client-Centered Approach: Interventions should be tailored to individual goals, preferences, values, and priorities. Cultural Inﬂuence: Cultural factors significantly impact occupational choices and experiences. Main Concepts Instead of using the term “occupation” focuses on “task” to promote interdisciplinary collaboration. The thought is that the person is embedded or a

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clear part inside their context with their tasks (or occupations they do) floating around them View of the Person Individual with unique abilities and skills (including sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial) View of Occupation The view of occupation is dynamic and reciprocal, emphasizing the interaction between the individual, their occupations, and the environment. The model underscores the interconnectedness of occupations with roles, relationships, and cultural contexts, recognizing the importance of assessing and intervening in a way that supports individuals in achieving meaningful and satisfying engagement in their chosen activities. View of Environment Includes physical, social, and cultural aspects FUNCTION/DYSFUNCTION CONTINUUM How does this Model/FOR define healthy or optimal functioning? How does this Model/FOR define Dysfunction/Disability? - High and dynamic performance range. - Recognition for external expectations within an activity and adapts to demands. - Fulfillment on one's occupations and roles. - Having restrictions in performance range. - Disruption occurs in the transactional process between person, context, and tasks. - Explanation for dysfunction due to health conditions. Vulnerabilities, or environmental barriers. - Barriers inhibiting completing tasks successfully. GUIDE FOR EVALUATION-What is the focus of evaluation? What tools are available? The evaluation process involves assessing the person's strengths, abilities, and limitations across physical, cognitive, emotional, and social domains. Tools such as standardized assessments, clinical observations, and client-centered interviews are employed to analyze specific meaningful occupations and evaluate the inﬂuence of the physical, social, and cultural aspects of the environment. The assessment also

includes an occupational performance analysis, exploring the match or mismatch between the person's capabilities, the demands of their occupations, and the features of their surroundings . GUIDE FOR INTERVENTION-What is the focus of intervention? What tools are available? Interventions focus on enhancing an individual's occupational performance by addressing the dynamic interaction between the person, their chosen occupations, and the environment. These person-centered interventions aim to improve the individual's abilities and adaptability while considering the cultural context. Strategies include modifying the environment for better accessibility and safety, developing and enhancing skills, teaching adaptive strategies, and reinforcing positive occupational roles and identities. CHANGE AND MOTIVATION-According to the Model/FOR, how does change occur? Change is facilitated through the dynamic interaction between the individual, their chosen occupations, and the environment. Adaptation is key, with a focus on modifying skills, the environment, or occupational demands to optimize performance. The model emphasizes achieving a fit between the person's abilities, the demands of occupations, and the environmental context. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE Model/FOR Strengths include holistic approach encompassing various aspects of individuals, emphasis on adaptation, client-centered focus, cultural sensitivity, and a strong emphasis on meaningful occupations. Weaknesses include complexity, limited specificity in guidelines, potential lack of robust empirical support, possible overemphasis on adaptation, and challenges in interdisciplinary integration. COMPARE AND CONTRAST THIS Model/FOR WITH THE OTHERS STUDIED: Identify overlapping concepts between this and other models Dynamic interaction between the person and their environment, the emphasis on adaptation to optimize performance, a client-centered approach, consideration of occupational identity and roles, the Identify concepts unique to this model Explicit adoption of an ecological perspective, emphasizing the dynamic interaction among the person, their chosen occupations, and the environment. The concept of achieving a fit between a person's abilities, occupational demands, and

importance of engaging in meaningful occupations, cultural competence, and a structured occupational performance process. environmental features is distinctly emphasized. The EHP model follows a systematic Occupational Performance Process and places a significant focus on occupational adaptation, recognizing the importance of individuals adapting to optimize performance.

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Jose Peraza Models

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