NU3368 Exam Question
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Nov 24, 2024
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NU3368 EXAMINATION 1
st
OPPORTUNITY SEPTEMBER 2020 INTAKE
Time: 10:00 – 13:45
Students should answer all the questions.
QUESTION 1
A combination of biopsychosociospiritual factors is deemed to impact on people's mental wellbeing across the lifespan and lead to mental ill-health in some instances.
a.
Assert the strength of viewing the aetiology of mental ill-health as multifactorial in nature.
Mental ill-health is viewed as multifactorial because it arises from factors that range from social levels, psychological levels, and biological levels of analysis. It simply highlights the role of social information processing, emotional processing, and accelerated biological aging as mediators of the effect of trauma experienced during childhood that can have an impact on an individual's health in the future.
(1 mark)
b.
Define each element of the biopsychosociospiritual model then identify and discuss two current theories or views that sit within each.
In your answer, consider one theory or view that relates specifically to children and one theory or view that relates specifically to older adults.
(
15 marks)
The biopsychosocial spiritual model is a holistic and humanistic view of the human health. This particular model was introduced by a prominent scholar named George L. Engel. According to George L. Engel, social, psychological, and biological must be considered when it comes to caring for human health.
The biological dimension mainly entails the physiological, organ, cell, and biochemical systems, while the psychological dimension mainly comprises behavior, personality, attitude, perception, and cognition. In this case, the social dimension primarily deals with human interaction that encompasses human
beings, culture, circumstances, and current conditions. In contrast, the spiritual dimension mainly deals with higher levels of consciousness, spiritual experiences, and faith.
In this case, the system theory relates to children in that human behavior occurs within a child's social environment. Children tend to interact with different systems, each of which interacts with one another either positively or negatively, which in the long run tends to impact the child's health. The system theory can further be classified as a macro, which entails institutions, communities, and the neighborhood, and the mezzo comprises small groups, support networks, and family members. Finally, micro consists of the person that a child interacts with.
On the other hand, we have the psychosocial theory, which explains human development as a lifetime interaction between the environment in a person's life and their personality. According to this theory, eight different phases present new social demands that must
be resolved for development to continue. Therefore, when individuals in the society do not meet such social needs, then the person tends to experience alienation and confusion from the community they come from.
c.
Define recovery as it pertains to mental ill-health
and provide one example of a family, a community and a mental health care organisational factor which may be helpful to a person during the recovery process.
(4 marks)
Recovery is all about an individual's life process, not just the management and treatment of symptoms. In simple terms, recovery means living and contributing meaningfully to society or the community. Therefore, when it comes to recovery from mental ill-health, it means helping to take control of an individual's life. During this period, a person decides what is significant for them and what would be good for them, not just mental illness symptoms but also holistic growth and development. During recovery from a mental illness, supporting such individuals is always important. Such individuals can be
supported by considering they eat a healthy meal, talking about positive mental health effects, and regularly engaging individuals in regular physical activities. On the other hand, helping such individuals take proper medication is very important for the mental
illness recovery process. TOTAL 20 MARKS
QUESTION 2
Outline two current trends relating to suicide in Scotland and for each trend suggest how the mental health nurse might use the information in their practice.
(2 marks)
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The Integrated Motivational – Volitional Model of suicidal behaviour (O'Connor, 2021; O' Connor and Kirtley, 2018) may be a useful model for mental health nurses to use when working with people who may be vulnerable to suicide.
a. Outline each phase of the suicidal process and how they relate as set out by the model
.
(4 marks)
b. For each phase discuss how the mental health nurse can use their understanding of each phase of this dynamic process to inform their suicide prevention and intervention work with people vulnerable to suicide.
(10 marks)
c.
State the purpose of a suicide safety plan and propose how the mental health nurse should approach the creation of an effective suicide with
an at-risk person.
(4 marks)
TOTAL 20 MARKS
QUESTION 3
a.
Outline the benefits and drawbacks of polypharmacy in the treatment of mental ill-
health. (4 marks)
Fiona is 43 years old and has experienced psychotic episodes as well as depression since their early 20's. They have been prescribed
antipsychotic medication as well as antidepressant medication for a number of years.
b.
Debate the value and the drawbacks of psychotropic medication for Fiona.
(8 marks)
c.
Assert the arguments for and against Electroconvulsive Therapy for the treatment of mental ill-health.
(8 marks)
TOTAL 20 MARKS
QUESTION 4
a.
In the context of mental health nursing, analyse the concepts of iatrogenic harm and coercive practice and why they occur from a variety of perspectives.
(8 marks)
b.
Discuss the nature of high -quality mental health
nursing with reference to legislative and human -rights based principles, and regulatory nursing requirements that should always underpin mental health nursing.
(10 marks)
c.
Suggest two overarching bodies or organisations in Scotland that aim to reduce unacceptable and harmful practices within mental health care provision.
(2 marks)
TOTAL 20 MARKS
QUESTION 5
a.
Describe the concept of 'cognitive reserve' and suggest why it is important for mental health nurses to understand this concept.
(5 marks)
b.
Explain current views about risk factors and modifiable risk factors for dementia.
(6 marks)
Petr who is 72 years old is recovering from a period of depression. Indications suggest that they may be experiencing early symptoms dementia. They live at home with their wife Susan who is 75 years old and their Jack Russell terrier. They are a relatively active and sociable couple.
c.
Propose and justify a set of therapeutic activities the mental health nurse may set out, in collaboration with Peter and Susan, as part of a recovery plan designed to lower risk factors for dementia and protect Peter's cognitive functioning and cognitive reserve.
(9 marks)
TOTAL 20 MARKS
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