Week Eight Case Study Sonja
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Kenyatta University *
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Health Science
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Nov 24, 2024
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Week Eight Case Study: Sonja
Sonja Fern
Sonja is 46 years old, is 6 ft 1 in. tall, and weighs 218 pounds. She has intentionally lost 25
pounds in the last month after donating one of her kidneys. She was extremely moved by the
significance of being healthy enough to help a friend through organ donation and recognizes
that she must proactively protect her remaining kidney to preserve her own health. She had
borderline hypertension before the surgery, is a previous heavy smoker, but has no other medical
history. She has adopted a Lacto-Ovo vegetarian eating pattern and occasionally eats fish.
Think of Sonja.
1.
What is her body mass index (BMI)? (Provide actual calculation)
Body Mass Index is a calculation using an individual’s height and weight.
The formula is BMI = kg/m
2
where kg is a person's weight in kilograms and m
2
is their height in
meters squared
The first step is to convert Sonja’s weight (218 lb) from pounds to kilograms
1 lb = 0.45359237 kg
218 lb = 218 x 0.454 = 98.97 kg
Second step is to convert Sonja’s height (6’1) from feet to metres
6’1 = 6.08 feet
1 foot = 0.3048 cm
6.08 = 6.08 x 0.3048 = 1.8542
Third step is to calculate the BMI
BMI = kg/m
2
BMI= 98.97/(1.8542)
2
BMI = 28.81
BMI= 28.81.
This is overweight. She needs to lose weight to fit into the normal BMI of 18.5-25.
2.
What risk factors for CKD did she have or currently has? (Provide 3 risk factors
with rationales)
This customer has hypertension, which is a current CKD risk factor. This is because elevated
blood pressure puts strain on the kidneys' filtration system. Her smoking history indicates that
she was a heavy smoker in the past, which is another risk factor. Smoking reduces blood flow to
vital organs such as the kidneys, resulting in CKD. She has a family history of kidney disease,
which is why she donated the kidney; hence, having a positive family history of CKD can lead to
CKD.
3.
What interventions would you suggest to help her maintain kidney health? (Provide
3 interventions with rationales)
For her to maintain a healthy kidney she should;
a.
Have regular exercise such as walking, cycling, dancing or running. Such activities will
keep her busy and she will have fun.
b.
Avoid smoking. Research has revealed that smoking can reduce the flow of blood to the
kidney and throughout the body.
c.
Monitor her weight through eating healthy. A healthy diet entails fresh ingredients such as
vegetables, whole grains, fish, and fruits.
4.
Is a Lacto-Ovo eating pattern adequate and appropriate? Why or why not? (Provide
rationale)
Lacto-Ovo-eating pattern is safe because it is a primarily plant-based diet that contains dairy and
eggs. This diet has proved to be beneficial in managing the progression of CKD because it does
not contain heavy-processed foods. It is an appropriate eating pattern because it will help her
attain and maintain a healthy weight. Since it contains foods that are low in calories and high in
fiber, it will help her support the feeling of fullness and hinder overeating.
Recall Sonja.
An increase in her stress level has caused her to give up on her Lacto-Ovo vegetarian eating
pattern. Her blood pressure is increasing, and her weight loss has stalled. To make matters
worse, she recently went to an ambulatory care center with excruciating back pain and was
diagnosed with kidney stones, which she passed hours after receiving IV fluids. She is worried
she will have more kidney stones that may eventually damage her only kidney.
5.
What would you tell her about reducing her risk of stone recurrence?
To prevent kidney stones recurrence, she should drink plenty of water and avoid being
dehydrated. She can also add fresh lemon juice to her water. She should reduce the intake of too
much salt since it contains sodium. Finally, she should reconsider going back to her lacto-ovo-
vegetarian diet since it will help her avoid consuming foods high in animal protein, which is
acidic and increases urine acid.
6.
What should her nutritional priorities be to maintain kidney health? (Provide 3
priorities with rationales)
Nutritional priorities to maintain the health of her kidney she should;
a.
Portion her plate by filling half of her plate with fruits and vegetables, a quarter with lean
protein, and the other quarter with whole grain.
b.
Reduce sodium intake. This will help her keep her blood pressure in control.
c.
Select complex carbs over simple ones. Carbohydrates that occur naturally in fresh foods
are full of fiber that can support health and keep blood sugar levels under control.
7.
What other lifestyle interventions would you recommend? (Provide three
interventions with rationales)
I would recommend
a.
Keeping active and fit. This can help her reduce the risk of chronic kidney disease, boost
heart health and reduce blood pressure.
b.
Control and monitor her blood pressure. One of the key risk factors causing kidney
damage is high blood pressure. She should discuss with her doctor how to regularly
monitor her blood pressure.
c.
Avoid smoking and alcohol intake. These substances destroy the kidney since they are
waste products that have to be filtered out of the blood through the kidney, reducing its
efficiency.
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