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101
Subject
Health Science
Date
Jun 18, 2024
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rtf
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Uploaded by ChefLlamaMaster1145
CHAPTER 11: NUTRITION DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
What is a normal weight gain during pregnancy for an underweight woman?
a.
between 25 and 35 pounds
c.
at least 40 pounds
b.
between 28 and 40 pounds
d.
no more than 35 pounds
ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP:
Weight Gain during Pregnancy
2.
How many additional calories a day should a woman consume during the second and third trimesters?
a.
second trimester an additional 240 calories, third trimester 350 calories
b.
second trimester an additional 440 calories, third trimester 550
c.
second trimester an additional 340 calories, third trimester 450 calories
d.
no extra calories are needed during pregnancy
ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP:
Weight Gain during Pregnancy
3.
Which of the following nutrients does not need to be increased during pregnancy?
a.
Protein
c.
iron
b.
vitamin C
d.
vitamin A
ANS: D
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Nutritional Needs during Pregnancy
4.
Why is there an increased need for B vitamins during pregnancy?
a.
for development of red blood cells
b.
essential for development of infant's bones and teeth
c.
to provide an increase of hemoglobin
d.
essential for a fetus’s collagen development
ANS: A
PTS:
1
DIF:
C
TOP:
Nutritional Needs during Pregnancy
5.
_____ is the condition when nausea persists and becomes so severe that it is life-threatening.
a.
Parenteral gravidarum
c.
Hyperemesis gravidarum
b.
Morning sickness
d.
Binge-purge gravidarum
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
6.
What two conditions can be relieved by eating high-fiber foods?
a.
morning sickness and weight gain
c.
hypertension and anemia
b.
hypertension and heartburn
d.
constipation and hemorrhoids
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
7.
How can heartburn be relieved?
a.
eating three meals a day
c.
drinking three cups of milk a day
b.
eating small, frequent meals
d.
eating up to 25 grams of fiber a day
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
8.
_____ is the craving for nonfood substances such as starch or clay.
a.
Pico
c.
Pica
b.
Anemia
d.
Picanemia
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
9.
Which nutrient is often deficient in women who are diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia?
a.
vitamin C
c.
Iron
b.
folate
d.
Copper
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
10.
The ingestion of alcohol while pregnant can result in _____.
a.
weight gain
c.
spontaneous abortions
b.
hypertension
d.
fetal alcohol syndrome
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
11.
The infant's sucking initiates the release of _____ (a hormone), which causes the ejection of milk into the infant's mouth.
a.
oxytocin
c.
Insulin
b.
aldosterone
d.
Prolactin
ANS: A
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP:
Lactation
12.
During lactation, approximately how many extra calories are recommended daily?
a.
300
c.
500
b.
400
d.
1,000
ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP:
Lactation
13.
Which vitamin, in excess, can cause birth defects?
a.
vitamin C
c.
vitamin A
b.
vitamin E
d.
vitamin D
ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Nutritional Needs during Pregnancy
14.
Which of the following are pregnant adolescents particularly prone to?
a.
gestational diabetes
c.
pregnancy-induced hypertension
b.
weight gain
d.
abruptio placentae
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
15.
What is the approximate number of calories in an ounce of human milk?
a.
10 cal
c.
30 cal
b.
20 cal
d.
40 cal
ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP:
Lactation
16.
A nursing mother's use of caffeine may cause the following in her infant.
a.
abnormal growth
c.
irritability
b.
blindness
d.
fatigue
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
17.
The U.S. Public Health Service and the March of Dimes recommend that all women of childbearing age take a multivitamin or _____ of folic acid daily.
a.
800 µg
c.
400 mg
b.
800 mg
d.
400 µg
ANS: D
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Nutritional Needs during Prepregnancy
18.
The need for _____ increases during pregnancy because of the increased blood volume during pregnancy.
a.
Calcium
c.
Zinc
b.
Iron
d.
selenium
ANS: B
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Nutritional Needs during Pregnancy
19.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension is characterized by _____.
a.
hyperemesis gravidarum
c.
Proteinuria
b.
pica
d.
all of the above
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
20.
Anemia may be caused by _____ deficiency.
a.
iron
c.
both a and b
b.
folate
d.
none of the above
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
C
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
21.
Macrosomia refers to birthweight of over _____ pounds.
a.
7
c.
9
b.
8
d.
10
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
SHORT ANSWER
1.
Weight gain during pregnancy is natural and necessary for the infant to develop normally and the mother to retain her health. Describe the recommended weight gain. Include variations for these conditions: adolescent, obesity, multiple infants, underweight, and each trimester. Correlate with the number of additional calories needed to achieve the desired gain.
ANS:
Average size: 25–35 lb gain; underweight: 28–40 lb gain; twin birth: 35–45 lb gain; obesity: 15 lb minimum; adolescent: more than 25–35 lb (approximately); first trimester: 2–4 lb, no additional calorie; second and third trimesters: 1 lb per week, 340 cal daily for the second trimester and 450 calories daily for the third trimester.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Weight Gain during Pregnancy
2.
Discuss four priority nutritional concerns for the pregnant woman. Include nursing interventions to relieve the symptoms.
ANS:
Nausea: Eat dry crackers or dry toast before rising; eat small, frequent meals; avoid foods with offensive odors; avoid liquids at mealtime.
Constipation and hemorrhoids:
High-fiber diet; daily exercise; drink thirteen glasses of liquid per day; respond immediately to the urge to defecate.
Heartburn/indigestion:
Eat small, frequent meals; avoid spicy or greasy foods; avoid liquids with meals; after eating wait at least one hour before lying down; wait at least two hours before exercising.
Excessive weight gain: Eliminate all food items that are not on the MyPyramid; bake, broil, or boil rather than frying; use fruits and custards made with fat-free milk; encourage raw vegetables as snacks;
eliminate empty calorie foods.
PTS:
1
DIF:
C
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
3.
Describe the physiology associated with pregnancy and anemia. Compare iron deficiency anemia and folate deficiency anemia.
ANS:
Iron deficiency: During pregnancy, the increased volume of blood creates the need for additional iron for the hemoglobin for this blood. If the need is not met by the diet or by iron stores in the body, iron deficiency anemia develops. This is treated by a daily iron supplement.
Folate deficiency:
A form of megaloblastic anemia that can occur during pregnancy, it is characterized
by too few red blood cells and by large, immature red blood cells. The need for folic acid increases dramatically when new red blood cells are being formed.
PTS:
1
DIF:
C
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
4.
Discuss the concerns that a pregnant teenager will have.
ANS:
The teen mother is still in need of nurturing herself. Economic needs for financial support. Social need to be a member of the teen group. Psychological need to meet love, belonging, and safety and security needs. To be an active member of a group. Prenatal health care. Infant care. Nutritional counseling to fulfill the nutritional needs of her own body. Nutritional counseling to meet infant’s dietary need.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Pregnancy during Adolescence
5.
List the benefits of breast-feeding.
ANS:
Breast milk contains the right amount of lactose, water, fatty acids, and amino acids for brain development, growth, and digestion. No infant would be allergic to the mother’s milk; however, there may be a reaction to something the mother eats. Human milk has 100 ingredients not found in formula.
Breast-fed infants have a lower incidence of ear infections, diarrhea, allergies, and hospital admissions.
It is a source of antibodies to diseases such as pneumonia, bronchitis, influenza, German measles, botulism, and staphylococcal infections. Good for jaw development and growth of straight, healthy teeth because it is harder to get milk out of a breast than a bottle. The process creates an emotional attachment between mother and child. It aids in removing excess weight from mother and stimulates return of uterus to prepregnant state. Breast milk is economical, always the right temperature, and readily available.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Lactation
6.
Describe the physical characteristics of an infant born with fetal alcohol syndrome.
ANS:
Physical characteristics may include a small head, short eye slits, a flat midface, and a thin upper lip. There is usually a growth deficiency, placing the child in the lowest 10th of age norms.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP:
Concerns during Pregnancy
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