Sedimentary Rock Prelab - Final
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Broward College *
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Geology
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Apr 3, 2024
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Lab 6 – Sedimentary Rocks Prelab DIRECTIONS
: After completing the reading and watching the videos, answer the following questions in your own words and provide links to your sources for any Internet information used (do not copy and paste answers directly from the websites, this constitutes plagiarism). Each answer should contain enough detail to address all parts of the question. Responses will require 2-5 sentences.
1.
Generally, describe how sedimentary rocks differ from igneous rock types. The creation method and composition of sedimentary rocks are different from those of igneous rocks. While volcanic rocks are created by the solidification of molten material, sedimentary rocks are created by the accumulation and lithification of sediments, such as rock fragments, minerals, and organic materials. Igneous rocks are mostly made up of interlocking mineral crystals that form from cooling magma or lava, whereas sedimentary rocks frequently display layering, include fossils, and have a diverse composition.
2.
What are the three different ways that sedimentary rocks form from sediments? Compaction, cementation, and the precipitation of minerals from solutions are examples of the deposition and lithification processes that can result in the formation of sedimentary rocks.
3.
What is meant by the term clast? The term "clast" describes a piece or particle of rock or mineral that was formed from previously existing rocks or minerals and is present in sedimentary rocks
4.
Name four grain sizes found in clastic sedimentary rocks. To get you started, the largest grain size has been provided on the list. Provide four more in decreasing order:
Boulder
, _______gravel____________, ____sand___________silt____, _____clay______________, ________-
___________
5.
Describe in as much detail as possible, the formation of a clastic rock like sandstone. In your response, include the following terms: compaction and cementation. Sand-sized particles are
deposited in a sedimentary setting, like a riverbed or a beach, to start the production of clastic rocks like sandstone. As more sediment is deposited over time, compaction is brought
on by the weight of the underlying layers, which squeezes the grains closer together and shrinks the pore spaces. Following cementation, which involves minerals—often silica or calcium carbonate—precipitating and filling in the remaining pore spaces to bind the grains together and create a solid rock known as sandstone, the process is repeated.
6.
Describe the process by which chemical sedimentary rocks form and give an example. Minerals from a solution precipitate and accumulate to form chemical sedimentary rocks. This
can happen when water evaporates or when the saturation point of dissolved minerals is reached. Limestone is an illustration of a chemical sedimentary rock. Limestone is created either by the accumulation of shell and skeletal pieces of marine organisms or by the precipitation of calcium carbonate in marine environments.
BC Online – Physical Geology Lab (GLY1010L) Use this document as your template. Make space to separate your responses from the questions.
Lab 6 – Sedimentary Rocks Prelab 7.
Describe the process by which biochemical sedimentary rocks form and give an example.
Organic remains like shells, coral, or plant material accumulate and lithify to produce biochemical sedimentary rocks. To create solid rock, these organic components are compacted and cemented. Coal is a type of biological sedimentary rock that develops over millions of years through the aggregation and alteration of plant matter in marshy conditions.
8.
Name two sedimentary rocks that we might use in everyday life and describe how we use them?
Sandstone and limestone are two sedimentary materials that we frequently employ in our daily lives. For flooring, countertops, and cladding, among other construction projects, limestone is frequently utilized as a building material. Sandstone is also used in building, particularly for paving, decorative elements, and the facades of walls. This is because it is long-lasting and has a beautiful aesthetic.
9-10. Provide hand-drawings or use a drawing program to sketch the following sedimentary rock
textures. You may insert them into the document or attach them separately.
Conglomerate Sandstone
BC Online – Physical Geology Lab (GLY1010L) Use this document as your template. Make space to separate your responses from the questions.
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