EAR 117 Acidification Assignment(1)
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School
Syracuse University *
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Course
117
Subject
Geology
Date
Apr 3, 2024
Type
Pages
3
Uploaded by AgentFerretPerson1044
Read the article “Rapid Acidification of the Ocean During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum” by Zachos et al. (2005) and answer the following questions. 1. In the PETM, where did SSTs rise the most? (2) A. Mid-latitudes B. The poles C. Over continents D. The equator 2. What does it mean when carbon is “isotopically depleted?” (2) A. The carbon contains more carbon-13 than normal B. The carbon is mostly in species other than CO
2 C. The carbon contains less carbon-13 than normal D. The carbon is mostly in CO
2
3. What are the X and Y axes, respectively, in Figure 1? (Above) (2) A. Percent calcium carbonate and core mean composite depth B. Water depth and site number C. Water depth and core mean composite depth D. Core mean composite depth and water depth
4. Unit conversion: How many kilograms is 2000 x 10^9 metric tons? (2) A. 2e14 B. 2e9 C. 2e15 5. What kind of form is the rapid release of carbon during PETM? (2) A. Carbon dioxide B. Methane C. Carbonic Oxide 6. Fill in the blank: Dissolved CO
2 __________ oceanic pH. (2) A. Increases B. Decreases C. Has no effect on 7. How does ocean absorption of a large mass of carbon trigger the change of the calcite compensation depth (CCD)? (2) A. Trigger a slow shoaling of the CCD (< 10,000 years) B. Trigger a rapid shoaling of the CCD (< 10,000 years) C. Maintain CCD stability D. Trigger a deepening of the CCD (< 10,000 years) 8. How did the earth system remove the rapid release of ~2000 x 10e9 metric tons of carbon during the PETM event? (2) A. Absorbed by the ocean B. Sequestrated through the silicate weathering feedback C. Both of above 9. Why were previously collected sediment cores inadequate for this study? (2) A. No cores were collected previously B. Previous cores did not show a change in carbon isotopes. C. Previous cores were geographically isolated and not completely recovered. D. Previous cores did not contain enough carbon isotopes for the analysis. 10. Fill in the blanks: The global carbon isotope excursion shows an initial _______ decrease and a _________ recovery. (2) A. Rapid, rapid. B. Rapid, gradual. C. Gradual, rapid. D. Gradual, gradual. 11. Describe how the rapid release of carbon during the PETM results in lowering the seawater pH. (5)
The rapid release of carbon results in lowering seawater pH because oxidation and the ocean absorption of this carbon should have lowered the deep sea pH. Large amounts of carbon is the cause for decreasing pH in seawater 12. What can scientists learn about the future of anthropogenic climate change by studying the PETM? (5) They can learn that for a global temperature rise it would require a reevaluation of the source of carbon and its isotopic composition 13. Was there a mass extinction of organisms coincident with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum? If so, which organisms were affected and how? (5) There was, benthic foraminifera was the species that went extinct because of drastic carbonate ion changes. 14. Bonus: Use Google Scholar to find this paper online. How many times has it been cited by other scientific articles? Is this number higher or lower than an average article about ocean acidification? (5) It has been cited 1185 times and is a lot higher than other articles on the same topic
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