lab 2

Abshira Abdi Unit 2: Assignment (Lab Exercise) Due: Sun Oct 29, 2023 Part 1 Identify the first 10 minerals describes in the websites (Remember to include the sample Number) and record the following information for each mineral: Sample number, Name, color, hardness, luster, streak, fracture, cleavage, description, and chemical composition on a TABLE. DRAW and COLOR 2 OF THE MINERALS. Provide a short description of each of the minerals on how you would be able to identify it in the field . Also, mention any important uses for the mineral and any unique characteristics. Simple Mineral Color/strea k Cleavag e Form Fracture Hardnes s Luster Other 1. Apatite greenish/ white 1 Hexagonal Conchoida l 5 Non n/a 2. Quartz White/ clear 0 hexagonal Conchoida l 7 Non- metallic n/a 3. Gypsum White 1 n/a Irregular 2 Non- metallic n/a 4. Pyrite Yellow & gold /grey 0 Pyritohedro n Irregular 6 Metallic magnetic 5. Magnetite Gary 0 n/a Irregular 6 metallic Magneti c 6. Garnet Red & brown /white 0 Hexagonal Conchoida l 9 Non- metallic n/a 7. Plagioclas e White 2 n/a Irregular 6 Nonmetalli c n/a 8. Corundum Red & brown /white 0 Hexagonal Conchoida l 7 Non- metallic n/a

9. Halite Clear& white 3 Cubic Conchoida l 2 Non- metallic n/a 10. Orthoclase Pink & white 2 n/a Irregular 6 Non- metallic n/a Quartz is a mineral that is quite frequent in rocks. It's like a silicon and oxygen crystal. It can be transparent at times, but it can also be white, pink, or gray… People prefer to use it to make beautiful jewelry, glass, and dishes since it is extremely durable and does not wear out fast. It's also found inside a variety of rocks, including granite and sandstone. Garnet is recognized for its rich and brilliant hues, which include red, brown, green, and even some rare blue variations. Because of its remarkable beauty, it is frequently used in jewelry. Garnet is strong and robust, making it perfect for daily wear. It may also be found in a variety of rocks and is frequently employed as an indicator mineral in geological research. In a nutshell, garnet is a gorgeous and tough mineral that comes in a variety of brilliant hues. https://commonminerals.esci.umn.edu/minerals-g-m/garnet

Part 2 Sedimentary rocks, Igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks Browse the provided website (developed by Richard Hardwood at Black Hawk College) for: 2 types of Sedimentary Sample Links to an external site. 2 types of Ingenous Rocks Links to an external site. 2 types of Metamorphic Rocks Links to an external site. Sample number Name Texture Common minerals Environment Sedimentary rock 2 Coquina Biologic Calcite 8 Conglomerate Clastic Quartz Metamorphic rock Sample number Name Foliation Composition Parent rock 3 Marble Non- foliated Calcite Limestone 6 Quartzite Non- foliated Quartz Sandstone Igneous rock samples Sample number Name Texture Compositio n Parent rock 6 Granite Phaneritic Felsic n/a 10 Scoria Vesicular Felsic n/a Metamorphic rock is like a rock that's gone through a transformation. It used to be another type of rock, like limestone or shale, but then it went through a lot of heat and pressure deep underground, which changed it. Now, it often has layers or patterns in it, and it can be used for things like roofing or making fancy floors because it looks cool and is strong.

King, H. M. (n.d.-b). Marble: Metamorphic Rock: Pictures, definition, properties. https://geology.com/rocks/marble.shtml Igneous rock also known as granite is like rock that's born from fire. It happens when hot, molten rock from inside the Earth, called magma, cools down and becomes solid. This rock can be

sedimentary rock, also known as micrite is formed when rounded cobble and pebble-sized rock fragments stick together. This rock type is a product of river movements or the relentless forces of ocean waves. Silica, calcite, or iron oxides act as the materials that fill in the gaps and solidify conglomerate. Micrite limestone. (n.d.). https://csmgeo.csm.jmu.edu/geollab/fichter/sedrx/rocks/micrite2.html

Part 3 Using your computer’s search engine, conduct a search for “stromatolites.” Take a look at images of both modern and ancient stromatolites. How and where do stromatolites form today and how and where did they form in the distant past? Just how far back in the geological record do we find stromatolites? Use web resources and your textbook for answers. Also, visit the following site Links to an external site. or site Links to an external site. Today’s Stromatolites : How and where they form: Stromatolites are fascinating formations that reveal a lot about Earth's history. They resemble rock strata formed by microscopic microorganisms. These ancient stromatolites developed around 3.5 billion years ago. How? It was largely due to cyanobacteria, which are small blue- green algae. These small critters accomplished some creative things, such as capturing dirt and causing minerals like calcium carbonate to cling together. They developed in ancient seas' warm, shallow, nutrient-rich waters. Stromatolites are still producing today, although only in the most severe environments. Consider Shark Bay in Australia, which is extremely saline and difficult for most life. Microbes, particularly cyanobacteria, continue to build modern stromatolites. They, like their ancient cousins, capture sediment and form strata. They may also be found in the Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula, and even cold Antarctic lakes. Most living things would struggle in these conditions, yet these microorganisms have worked it out. Ancient stromatolites were essentially nature's equivalent of layer cakes, except instead of cake, they were created by teeny tiny bacteria. These date back to roughly 3.5 billion years ago, during the Archean Eon. So, how did these layered rock formations form? They were created by cyanobacteria, sometimes known as blue-green algae. These guys were sedimentary aficionados. They were able to catch and glue together sand and mud particles, as well as make minerals like calcium carbonate stay around, thanks to their photosynthetic magic. Stromatolites were formed as these strata accumulated at the bottom of ancient oceans. Western Australia's Pilbara area is well-known for its ancient stromatolite formations. Choose any 2 fossils and provide a brief description, note the geologic time frame and classification of each as well as a sketch.

can frequently determine the precise time when a specific rock stratum was produced. These intriguing organisms, which resemble magnificent mollusks, often have a diameter of 4 to 5 inches. Ammonites first arose approximately 400 million years ago and thrived until the end- Cretaceous mass extinction (roughly 66 million years ago), when they became extinct. Their existence lasted over millions of years. Work cited

Ammonites . British Geological Survey. (2021, August 20). https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering- geology/fossils-and-geological-time/ammonites/ Home | Indiana Geological & Water Survey. (n.d.). https://igws.indiana.edu/outreach/additional/brochure/Trilobites_PgSz.pdf Ammonites . British Geological Survey. (2021, August 20). https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering- geology/fossils-and-geological-time/ammonites/