GEOL1340 Quiz 9a

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Dec 6, 2023

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10/14/23, 3:35 AM GEOL1340 Quiz 9a: 2023FA GEOL1340 12899 - Earth Systems https://uh.instructure.com/courses/4544/quizzes/44172 1/8 5 / 5 pts Question 1 Earth's overall density is calculated to be 5.52 grams per cubic centimeter. However, crustal rocks only give densities around 2.9 grams per cubic centimenter. Where is the excess density? Iron in Earth's core Increasing pressures increase the density of mantle rocks at depth Water stored in the oceans The larger circumference of Earth at the equator relative to the poles means that the highest density occurs at zero degrees latitude 5 / 5 pts Question 2 Which of the following statements regarding heat flow on Earth is TRUE? Heat is generally transferred from Earth's surface down towards the core mainly by conduction. Heat flow, as measured on Earth's surface, is higher along mid-ocean ridges and other volcanically active regions but lower within the interiors of stable continents. Heat flow, as measured on Earth's surface, is the same everywhere. Heat is transferred from Earth's interior towards the surface mainly by radiation. 5 / 5 pts Question 3 For the figure below, which letter corresponds to the epicenter of the earthquake?

10/14/23, 3:35 AM GEOL1340 Quiz 9a: 2023FA GEOL1340 12899 - Earth Systems https://uh.instructure.com/courses/4544/quizzes/44172 2/8 Site A Site B Site C Site D 5 / 5 pts Question 4 The figure below illustrates the motion of ____________ Surface waves P-waves S-waves Reflected waves 5 / 5 pts Question 5 The bending of seismic waves when passing through Earth's interior is called _________ Reflection Diffraction Deflection Refraction 5 / 5 pts Question 6

10/14/23, 3:35 AM GEOL1340 Quiz 9a: 2023FA GEOL1340 12899 - Earth Systems https://uh.instructure.com/courses/4544/quizzes/44172 3/8 The bending of seismic waves when passing through Earth's interior is due to changes in wave ____________ when encountering different Earth materials. Temperature Velocity Magnitude Type 5 / 5 pts Question 7 The Moho is the boundary between the ________ and _________ Asthenosphere/mesosphere Outer core/inner core Mesosphere/outer core Crust/upper mantle 5 / 5 pts Question 8 What happens to S-waves as they pass through the asthenosphere? S-waves speed up because of an increase in density of mantle rocks S-waves change into P-waves S-waves slow down because of the presence of a few percent partial melt S-waves cannot penetrate through the asthenosphere 5 / 5 pts Question 9 What happens to P- and S-waves when encountering transition zones at 400 km and 700 km depths?

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10/14/23, 3:35 AM GEOL1340 Quiz 9a: 2023FA GEOL1340 12899 - Earth Systems https://uh.instructure.com/courses/4544/quizzes/44172 4/8 They slow down because mantle material is softened at these depths. They speed up due to density increases in mantle rock resulting from phase changes in minerals. The two transition zones prevent P- and S-waves from reaching the lower mantle. P- and S-waves are reflected back to the surface. 5 / 5 pts Question 10 What changes in P- and S-waves occur when encountering the outer core that lead scientists to conclude that this layer is composed of liquid iron? Both P- and S-waves are prevented from passing through the outer core. Both P- and S-waves increase in velocity when passing through the outer core. S-waves cannot pass through the outer core while P-waves slow down significantly when passing through this layer. P-waves slow down while S-waves speed up when passing through the outer core. 5 / 5 pts Question 11 The upper mantle is composed largely of an ultramafic rock called ___________ Granite Basalt Peridotite Andesite 5 / 5 pts Question 12

10/14/23, 3:35 AM GEOL1340 Quiz 9a: 2023FA GEOL1340 12899 - Earth Systems https://uh.instructure.com/courses/4544/quizzes/44172 5/8 P-wave shadow zones are regions on Earth's surface where... Only P-waves are detected by seismometers. Only P-waves are generated by earthquakes. S-waves change into P-waves. No P-waves are detected by seismometers. 5 / 5 pts Question 13 Circulation of liquid iron in the outer core is thought to be responsible for Earth's _____________ Magnetic field Geoid Gravity Rotation 5 / 5 pts Question 14 What is the main source of Earth's internal heat today?

10/14/23, 3:35 AM GEOL1340 Quiz 9a: 2023FA GEOL1340 12899 - Earth Systems https://uh.instructure.com/courses/4544/quizzes/44172 6/8 Radioactive decay of long-lived radioactive isotopes Solar radiation Gravitational contraction Meteorite impacts 5 / 5 pts Question 15 What process led to the separation of Earth's hot interior into the core, mantle, and crust 4.5 billion years ago? Planetary differentiation Earth was struck by a Mars-sized object Radioactive decay of short-lived radioactive elements Outgassing of Earth's interior 5 / 5 pts Question 16 What type of seismic wave travels the slowest and does the most damage during an earthquake? Surface waves P-waves S-waves Body waves 5 / 5 pts Question 17 What happens when the velocity of seismic waves increases when passing from a shallower to deeper rock layer? Whe waves refract (bend upward) towards the boundary separating the layers The waves refract (bend downward) way from the boundary separating the layers

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10/14/23, 3:35 AM GEOL1340 Quiz 9a: 2023FA GEOL1340 12899 - Earth Systems https://uh.instructure.com/courses/4544/quizzes/44172 7/8 The waves always reflect off the boundary separating the layers The waves neither refract nor reflect but simply pass through the boundary without changing direction 5 / 5 pts Question 18 Continental crust on average is _________ and ____________ than oceanic crust. Thicker/less dense Thinner/less dense Thicker/denser Thinner/denser 5 / 5 pts Question 19 Seismic tomography allows geophysicists to generate a computer image of Earth's mantle by... identifying regions in the mantle where P- and S-wave velocities are faster or slower than average determining if heat passes through the mantle by convection, radiation, or conduction identifying P- and S-wave shadow zones on Earth's surface locating regions in the mantle where most earthquakes occur 5 / 5 pts Question 20 Which of the following statements about the D'' layer is FALSE? Heat passes through the D'' layer mainly by radiation Occurs in the lower mantle near the boundary with the outer core Possible graveyard of subducted oceanic lithosphere Birthplace of deep mantle plumes

10/14/23, 3:35 AM GEOL1340 Quiz 9a: 2023FA GEOL1340 12899 - Earth Systems https://uh.instructure.com/courses/4544/quizzes/44172 8/8

GEOL1340 Quiz 9a

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