Meta-Insanity EC
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University of North Carolina, Charlotte *
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Course
1200
Subject
Geology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
docx
Pages
5
Uploaded by MajorKnowledge2436
SmartFigure: Confining Pressure and Differential Stress
Which of the following best describes the difference between differential stress and confining
pressure?
●
In differential stress, the stresses on the sides are greater than the force of gravity.
Stresses are the same on all sides for confining pressure.
Which of the following describes the orientation of the long axes of rocks and mineral grains in
relationship to the stress applied? Choose all that apply
●
Mineral grains are oriented parallel to the direction of the weakest stress applied.
●
The long axis of a rock is parallel to the direction of the weakest stress applied.
The figure below shows a meta conglomerate. Place the thick arrows in the direction of
maximum stress and the thin arrows in the direction of minimum stress. If stress from all
directions is equal, place all thin arrows.
The figure below shows a metaconglomerate. Place the thick arrows in the direction of
maximum stress and the thin arrows in the direction of minimum stress. If stress from all
directions is equal, place all thin arrows.
This rock has been metamorphosed under
confining pressures, so there is no direction of
maximum stress or grain deformation.
Animation: Foliation of Metamorphic Rock
https://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/assets/Jj6fT8b9u_7xYX6ZrEuQE24tM98lCqrQ
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
●
Preexisting rock is altered through heat and pressure.
Do metamorphic rocks look like the preexisting rock from which they form?
●
Sometimes, but not always
What is foliation?
●
banding in metamorphic rocks that results from the reorientation of minerals
How will foliation in continental metamorphic rocks formed during subduction be oriented?
●
perpendicular to the direction of plate movement
What would you call a granite that has undergone metamorphism and now exhibits foliation?
●
Gneiss
Animation: Foliation Processes
https://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/assets/BrKuFBOBxhgEi2uUddwU0_uNCC_8PnnC
What is rock texture?
●
the way a rock looks
How will minerals orient when a rock is put under normal stress?
●
perpendicular to the direction of the greatest stress
How will minerals grow when a rock is put under normal stress?
●
perpendicular to the direction of the greatest stress
How will minerals orient when a rock is put under shear stress?
●
parallel to the direction of the shear stress
Why do bands of minerals form when rocks are put under normal stress?
●
Minerals dissolve, atoms migrate to new locations, and minerals reform.
Why are mineral bands in metamorphic rocks light and dark colored?
●
Dark minerals rich in iron and magnesium separate from light minerals rich in silica and
aluminum.
Which processes result in mineral flattening during metamorphism?
●
dissolution followed by crystallization
SmartFigure: Contact Metamorphism
https://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/assets/secs-geology-SmartFigures-Contact_Metamorphism
Which of the following factors describes the conditions at a zone where contact metamorphism is
occurring?
●
low pressure
●
high temperature
What is a metamorphic aureole?
●
a ring of metamorphic rocks adjacent to an igneous intrusion
How is quartz sandstone metamorphosed into quartzite during contact metamorphism?
●
Sand grains are fused together because of high temperatures.
Which of the following best describes confining pressure and the location in which it occurs?
●
moderate pressures at shallow depths
SmartFigure: Progressive Regional Metamorphism
https://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/assets/secs-geology-SmartFigures-
Progressive_Regional_Metamorphism
Which of the following metamorphic rocks could have a parent rock (protolith) of shale?
●
schist
●
slate
●
phyllite
●
gneiss
Which of the following is associated with the metamorphic rock phyllite?
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●
intermediate-grade metamorphism
Which of the following factors describe the conditions at a zone where low-grade regional
metamorphism is occurring?
●
low temperature
●
low pressure
Which of the following describes the orientation of the long axes of rocks and mineral grains in
relationship to the stress applied?
●
Mineral grains are oriented parallel to the direction of the weakest stress applied.
●
The long axis of a rock is parallel to the direction of the weakest stress applied.
From the following choices, identify the grade of metamorphism and one characteristic mineral
associated with each of the metamorphic rocks.
●
Schist
Slate
Gneiss
- intermediate-grade
metamorphism
- garnet
- low-grade metamorphism
- chlorite
- high-grade metamorphism
- sillimanite
Animation: Exposing Metamorphic Rock
https://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/assets/Qf_LXkPld2nsGVPhu6F5CTZ3f8TBC_DR
Where do most metamorphic rocks form?
●
between a few and many kilometers beneath Earth's surface
How do metamorphic rocks reach Earth's surface?
●
through removal of overlying rocks
Which two rock types would you expect to see sitting next to each other after a very long period
characterized by only uplift and erosion?
●
metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
Could metamorphic rocks reach the surface of a planet without rock-uplifting processes?
●
No, metamorphic rocks must be uplifted and exposed by erosion.
Mobile Field Trip Video Quiz - Metamorphic Rocks in the Adirondacks, New York
https://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/assets/SdjqjKsaSz8mbGcCz8TIGkHdiT6gxDVH
What role does hot ion-rich water play in the process of metamorphism?
●
Water migrates into host rock carrying ions to stable minerals in order to facilitate growth
of new metamorphic minerals.
By what process did the gabbro turn into amphibolite?
●
The gabbro was heated to 500 °C and buried a few miles below the Earth's surface.
What is a mantle plume?
●
hot mantle rock rising from deep within the Earth
What kind of metamorphic texture results in the segregation of light and dark mineral bands?
●
gneissic texture
Why are garnets used in sandpaper?
●
Garnets have a value of 8 or 9 on the Mohs Hardness Scale, making them very abrasive.
SmartFigure: Metamorphic Environments
https://mediaplayer.pearsoncmg.com/assets/secs-geology-SmartFigures-
Metamorphic_Environments
Which of the following factors describe the metamorphic conditions at a mid-ocean ridge?
●
low pressure
●
hot, watery fluids
●
low temperature
Which of the following factors describe the metamorphic conditions in a subduction zone?
●
low temperature
●
high pressure
Which of the following is a metamorphic rock?
●
gneiss
Which of the following is a temperature associated with metamorphism?
●
400 degrees Celsius