Milestone One

docx

School

Southern New Hampshire University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

103

Subject

Geology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by JusticePartridge3696

Milestone One PHY 103 Emily Durkin Rock Stratigraphy: There are three types of rocks, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma or lava within the earth cools and turns into solid rock. There are two types of Igneous rock, Intrusive and extrusive. Intrusive igneous rocks crystallize below the earth’s surface, while extrusive igneous rocks erupt onto the surface where they cool quickly. The slow cooling of intrusive igneous rocks allows for large crystals to form, and the fast cooling of extrusive igneous rocks form small crystals. Metamorphic rocks are formed when sedimentary rocks buried deep within the earth are exposed to heat and pressure. This process is called metamorphism. If a metamorphic rock has been compressed to the point where the mineral grains are flat, then it is called foliated. If this has not happened to the metamorphic rock, then it is nonfoliate. There are ten layers of rock in order. Layer A: Limestone-chemical sedimentary rock. Layer B: Sandstone-detrital sedimentary rock. Layer C: Limestone-chemical sedimentary rock. Layer D: Coal-organic chemical sedimentary rock. Layer E: Siltstone-detrital sedimentary rock. Layer F: Coal-organic chemical sedimentary rock. Layer G: Sandstone-detrital sedimentary rock. Layer H: Schist-foliated metamorphic rock. Layer I; Granite-foliated metamorphic rock. Volcano and Vent: Andesite-extrusive igneous rock. Relative Dating: In order from Oldest to youngest rock layers- H, G, F, E, D, C, B, I, A, the volcano, and vents. The closer to the surface a rock is, the younger it is and

the deeper the rock is, the older it is. Over time, additional layers of sediment will form in this pattern. In the stratigraphic reference, layer I is cutting through the older layers. The volcano and the vent are cutting through all the layers; therefore, it is the youngest. Geologic Features: In the stratigraphic reference, there is a fault line. In the reference there seems to be volcanic tectonic activity. Heat and pressure applied to the rocks under the surface causes fractures and allows magma to enter the surface, this is common with volcanoes. Faults such as this one can be observed in layers I through B. Depositional Analysis: Limestone is usually created in oceans and contains shells and coral matter. Coal is formed from the remains of dead plants which have been deposited on the bed of a swamp. Siltstone, a form of shale composed of clay, is formed where the land and water meet, for example: a delta. Sandstone forms in river deltas, desert dunes, beaches, or anywhere in which sand or sediment is deposited and buried. A type of igneous rock that forms after crystallization of magma is granite and andesite is an extrusive rock that is created when molten rock reaches earth’s surface and cools rapidly. Another form of rock is Schist. It comes from a shale parent rock and goes through moderate to extreme pressure and heat. Soils: On the topographic map, there is an area southwest of the Washington and Jefferson mountains that is surrounded by rivers and streams. It also endures different types of weathering and climate. Weather and climate events cause erosion. Rain runs down the mountains creating run-off and erosion. Because limestone is within the

youngest top layers and is the result of chemical weathering, it can be observed that this is a high erosion region. Surface Impacts: The loss of vegetation due to urban development can lead to erosion. The roots of the plants hold the soil in place and slow down the process of erosion. Now that the vegetation is gone, the soil is loose and easily eroded. Limestone is water soluble and weak against weathering caused by water events. This could be bad news for any buildings in the area and could cause major structural hazards. References YouTube. (2013c, September 6). How a delta is formed . YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGHAO15hROs YouTube. (2011, February 6). How to read a geologic map (3/3) . YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EZbHCxv0NY Bentley, C. (2010, October 21). River landscape evolution . Mountain Beltway. https://blogs.agu.org/mountainbeltway/2010/06/11/river-landscape-evolution/ YouTube. (2012, July 26). River erosion, transport and deposition.mov . YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6sWiPAu708 YouTube. (2007, January 31). Brief soil intro . YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=XNJFksa9sJc Lutgens, F. K., Tarbuck, E. J., & Tasa, D. G. (2021).

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Foundations of Earth Science (9th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://mbsdirect.vitalsou rce.com/books/97801358 51616 Stratigraphy. Stratigraphy | Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. (2015, February 12). Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.ngu.no/en/to pic/stratigraphy#:~:text =Stratigraphy

%20is%20they %20classification %20of,that%20can %20be%20easily %20mapped . Lutgens, F. K., Tarbuck, E. J., & Tasa, D. G. (2021). Foundations of Earth Science (9th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://mbsdirect.vitalsou rce.com/books/97801358 51616 Stratigraphy. Stratigraphy | Norges

Geologiske Undersøkelse. (2015, February 12). Retrieved January 15, 2023, from https://www.ngu.no/en/to pic/stratigraphy#:~:text =Stratigraphy %20is%20they %20classification %20of,that%20can %20be%20easily %20mapped .

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Milestone One

Related Documents