Lab 1. Earth's Geographic Grid Worksheet.AniyaFoster
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Name:
Aniya Foster___________________________
Date:
9/4/23__________
Lab 1: Earth’s Geographic Grid
Figure 1.3: Introductory Diagram of Latitude and Longitude.
1
1.
Refer to Figure 1.3.
a.
Latitude is measured to the north or south of the:
equator
b.
Longitude is measured to the east or west of the:
Prime Meridian
c.
Lines that are drawn from north to south (from the North Pole to the South Pole)
are called:
latitudes
d.
Lines that are drawn from east to west are called (from the Prime Meridian to
the Anti-meridian (180th Meridian):
longitudes
e.
The highest degree possible for a line of latitude is:
90°
f.
The highest degree possible for a line of longitude is:
180°
2.
In one to two sentences, describe the differences between
great
and
small
circles
.
Great circles divide the Earth into two equal halves, while small circles divide the Earth into
two unequal halves.
3.
On Figure 1.3, label an example of a
great circle
and an example of a
small circle
.
(I circled where a great and small circle lay on the Earth)
4.
Refer to Table 1.1.
a.
How does the length of longitudes change as latitude is increased?
The length of
longitude decreases as latitude is increased.
b.
Calculate the distance of the Earth along the equator. Show your work.
1
Figure by Jeremy Patrich is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Answer Sheet page 1
|
Lab 1: Earth’s Geographic Grid
24,901 miles
c.
Calculate the distance of the Earth along 30°N. Show your work.
21,584 miles
d.
Calculate the distance of the Earth along 60°S. Show your work.
12,482 miles
Figure 1.5 provides a graph that you can use for the following two questions (Hint: this is great
practice as you will be using this graph again later in the lab).
Figure 1.5: Longitude Diagram to Visualize Degree Distance between Two Locations on the Same Latitude.
6
5.
How many miles are between 60°N, 30°W and 60°N, 50°E? Show your work.
a.
First, determine the number of degrees of longitude between these two
locations (use Figure 1.5):
b.
Second, refer to Table 1.1 and multiply your answer for 5a by the longitudinal
distance at 60°N:
6.
How many miles are between 30°S, 60°W and 30°S, 90°E? Show your work.
a.
First, determine the number of degrees of longitude between these two
locations (use Figure 1.5):
b.
Second, refer to Table 1.1 and multiply your answer for 6a by the longitudinal
distance at 30°S:
7.
Write the following latitude and longitudes in DMS and use the correct abbreviations.
Hint: 15 degrees, 32 minutes, and 11 seconds S would be written as 15° 32’ 11” S.
Because it has the S designation, it is a latitude.
a.
5 degrees, 20 minutes, 30 seconds N:
5° 20’ 30” N
i.
Is this a latitude or longitude?
Latitude
b.
122 degrees, 40 seconds, and 55 minutes W:
122° 40’ 55” W
i.
Is this a latitude or longitude?
Longitude
c.
88 degrees, 55 minutes, and 12 seconds S:
88° 55’ 12” S
i.
Is this a latitude or longitude?
Latitude
Answer Sheet page 2
|
Lab 1: Earth’s Geographic Grid
8.
Apply What You Learned: Correct the errors on the following latitudes and longitudes.
Hint:
just like with time, minutes and seconds cannot exceed 60. For example, if there
are 65’ shown, you should turn 60’ into 1° and keep 5’ remaining. So, 20° 65’ 00” N
would be corrected as 21° 5’ 00” N.
a.
89° 47’ 65” N
89° 48’ 5” N
b.
62° 59’ 61” S
62° 60’ 1” S
c.
118° 67’ 51” E
119° 7’ 51” E
9.
Convert the following latitudes and longitudes from DMS to decimal degrees.
a.
20° 58’ 33” N
20.9758333° N
b.
04° 22’ 52” S
4.38111111° S
c.
118° 35’ 51” E
118.5975° E
10. What are the latitude and longitude of Point Dume at Point Dume State Beach...
a.
...in Decimal Degrees?
Latitude= 34.001201° N
Longitude= -118.806442° W
b.
...in Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds? Show your work.
Latitude= 34° 0’ 4.3236” N
Longitude= 118° 48’ 23.1912” W
11. What are the latitude and longitude of Mt. Whitney in the Sierra Nevada?
a.
...in Decimal Degrees?
Latitude= 36.578499° N
Longitude= -118.29226° W
b.
...in Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds? Show your work.
Latitude= 36° 34’ 42.5964” N
Longitude= 118° 17’ 32.136” W
12. Refer to Figure 1.6 to complete Table 1.2. Be sure to include if the latitude is north or
south of the equator.
Table 1.2: Special Lines of Latitude
Latitude Name
Degrees of Latitude
The Equator
0°
The Tropic of Cancer
23.5° N
The Tropic of Capricorn
23.5° S
The Arctic Circle
66.5° N
The Antarctic Circle
66.5° S
The North Pole
90° N
The South Pole
90° S
13. Using Figure 1.6 and Table 1.2, sketch and label each of these latitudes on the map
below (Figure 1.7). Be sure to include the latitude name and degrees on your labels.
Answer Sheet page 3
|
Lab 1: Earth’s Geographic Grid
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Figure 1.7: Robinson Map Projection.
2
14. Refer to Figure 1.8.
a.
Label the lines of latitude and longitude along the edges of the map. Note that
they are in 30° increments.
Figure 1.8: Global Robinson Projection.
3
b.
What are the coordinates for the location labeled A (in North America)?
60° N, 90° W
c.
What are the coordinates for the location labeled B (in the Indian Ocean)?
0°, 60° E
d.
Draw a dot at 20°S, 45°W and label it with a C.
e.
Draw a dot at 60°N, 120°E and label it with a D.
f.
Draw a dot at 45°S, 15°E and label it with a E.
2
Figure
by
Bruce Jones Design and FreeUSandWorldMaps.com
is licensed under
CC0 1.0
3
Figure by Jeremy Patrich is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Answer Sheet page 4
|
Lab 1: Earth’s Geographic Grid
g.
Draw a dot at 35°N, 120°W and label it with a F.
h.
Draw a dot at 70°S, 160°E and label it with a G.
i.
Draw a dot at 10°N, 30°W and label it with a H.
j.
Use Figure 1.9 to calculate the total distance in degrees between points A and D.
Then, refer to Table 1.1 to determine the total distance in miles. Be sure to show
your work.
210° N
-34.674 miles
Figure 1.9: Longitude Diagram to Visualize Degree Distance between Two Locations on the Same Latitude.
4
15. Refer to Figure 1.11.
a.
How many time zones are shown across the map? Use Your Critical Thinking
Skills: Why would there be this number of time zones?
There are 24 time zones
because there are 24 hours in one day, and because the sun cannot rise in
every part of the world at once.
b.
Use Your Critical Thinking Skills: The Earth rotates 15° per hour so it would make
sense that each time zone spans a distance of 15°. But the time zone boundaries
are not vertical lines representing exactly 15° segments of the planet. Why do
you think time zone boundaries are irregular? Explain your response in one to
two sentences.
I think time zone boundaries are irregular because they aren’t
always straight lines.
16. What would be the solar time of someone 1° longitude west of the noon meridian?
Show your work.
17. What would be the solar time of someone 8° longitude east of the noon meridian? Show
your work.
18. Let’s take greater distances into consideration. Assuming that you lived along 40°W
longitude, and it was solar noon (subsolar point), what would be the solar time at each
of the following different locations at the same moment in time? (Hint: first calculate the
total distance in degrees, then decide if the location is either westward or eastward of
your location. Lastly, convert the degrees into minutes and hours, then solve). Be sure to
use Figure 1.13 to help you calculate the total distance in degrees and show your work.
a.
60°W:
b.
55°E:
c.
80°W:
d.
140°E:
4
Figure by Jeremy Patrich is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Answer Sheet page 5
|
Lab 1: Earth’s Geographic Grid
Figure 1.13: Longitude Diagram to Visualize Degree Distance between Two Locations on the Same Latitude.
5
19. Assuming that you lived along 50°E longitude, and it was solar noon (subsolar point),
what would be the solar time at each of the following different locations at the same
moment in time? Be sure to use Figure 1.14 to help you calculate the total distance in
degrees and show your work.
a.
60°W:
b.
55°E:
c.
80°W:
d.
140°E:
Figure 1.14: Longitude Diagram to Visualize Degree Distance between Two Locations on the Same Latitude.
6
20. Lastly, let’s assume that you are lost at sea on an old ship. It is possible to determine
your longitude if you know your solar time and the time and longitude of another
location. As an example, assume the last port you were in was near Greenwich, England
(the Prime Meridian), and you set your pocket watch before departure. Assuming that it
is solar noon at your location on the lost ship, what is your longitude if the time at the
Prime Meridian is the following? (Hint: first decide if your ship is either westward or
eastward of the known location, then calculate the total difference in time between the
two locations, lastly convert the time into degrees and solve). Be sure to use Figure 1.15
to help you calculate the total distance in degrees and show your work.
a.
3:00 p.m. at Prime Meridian:
b.
6:00 p.m. at Prime Meridian:
c.
1:00 a.m. at Prime Meridian:
d.
2:30 p.m. at Prime Meridian:
5
Figure by Jeremy Patrich is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
6
Figures by Jeremy Patrich are licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Answer Sheet page 6
|
Lab 1: Earth’s Geographic Grid
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Figure 1.15: Longitude Diagram to Visualize Degree Distance between Two Locations on the Same Latitude.
11
21. In your own words, explain the difference between solar time and standard time in one
to two sentences.
22. A:
¼, of the
¼, Section #
, Township
, Range
23. B:
¼, of the
¼, Section #
, Township
, Range
24. C:
¼, of the
¼, Section #
, Township
, Range
25. D:
¼, of the
¼, Section #
, Township
, Range
Ask your professor which wrap-up questions you should complete.
Answer Sheet page 7
|
Lab 1: Earth’s Geographic Grid