Lab 5. Atmospheric Pressure and Wind (Answer Sheet).AniyaFoster
pdf
keyboard_arrow_up
School
University of Nebraska, Omaha *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
8016
Subject
Geography
Date
Dec 6, 2023
Type
Pages
14
Uploaded by ChiefDangerCoyote48
Name:
Aniya Foster__________________
Date:
10/1/23__________
Answer Sheet page 1
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and
Wind
1.
Highest recorded air pressure on Earth measured in Tosontsengel, Mongolia:
32.03 inHg =
1084.86
________________ mb
2.
Lowest recorded air pressure on Earth measured in Typhoon Tip:
________
25.68
inHg = 869.9 mb
3.
Current air pressure outside lab today (search the Internet to find this information):
Today’s date:
10/1/2023
_________________ Time:
5:00pm
____________________
______________
30.13
inHg and
_________________
1020.5
mb
4.
Current air pressure at your favorite/dream vacation destination (search the Internet to
find this information):
Location:
Hawaii
___________________ Today’s date:
10/1/2023
___________
Time:
11:55 am
___________
______________
30.39
inHg and
_________________
1029.3
mb
5.
Using the data in Table 5.1, graph the atmospheric pressure profile on the graph
provided below (Figure 5.2) and then connect the data points with a solid line.
Answer Sheet page 2
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
Figure 5.2: Air Pressure and Altitude Graph.
1
6.
Use your completed Figure 5.2 graph to answer the following questions:
a.
The highest peak in California (and the continental United States) is Mt. Whitney,
outside of Lone Pine, California, with an elevation of 14,495 feet (4.4 kilometers).
What is the average barometric pressure at the summit?
580mb
b.
The highest peak in all of North America is Mt. Denali in Alaska. It’s peak is at
20,310 feet (6 kilometers). What is the average barometric pressure there?
450mb
c.
Use Your Critical Thinking Skills: Considering your answer to the questions above,
why do you think hikers are short of breath when they climb to some of these
very high peaks?
1
Figure by Scott Crosier is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Answer Sheet page 3
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
I think hikers are short of breath when they climb to the very high peaks because the higher
up they travel, the less amount of air/oxygen they can breathe.
d.
Most commercial jet planes fly at an altitude of 36,000 feet (approximately 11
kilometers). What is the average air pressure at this altitude?
228.83mb
7.
What is the highest elevation (on the surface; not in a plane) that you have been to?
Search the Internet to find the location’s elevation.
a.
Location:
Arkansas
b.
Elevation in meters:
200m
c.
What is the average air pressure at that elevation? Tip: first, convert elevation in
meters to kilometers by dividing by 1,000, and then use the Figure 5.2 graph:
0.2
8.
In Table 5.2, indicate the movement of air in high and low pressure systems for each
hemisphere. Fill in the table using one of the two choices given in italics in the far-left
column.
Table 5.2: Movement of Air in Pressure Systems
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
High
(Anticyclonic)
Low
(Cyclonic)
High
(Anticyclonic)
Low
(Cyclonic)
Surface air moves
into
or
out of
:
Out of
Into
Out of
Into
Surface air will
rise
or
subside
in
the center:
Rise
Subside
Rise
Subside
Surface air
motion is
clockwise
or
counterclockwise
:
Clockwise
Counter-
clockwise
Counter-
clockwise
Clockwise
9.
The circles represent isobars on the diagrams shown in Table 5.3 . The arrows represent
the surface wind direction. In the center of each system, write an “H” or “L,” indicating a
high or low pressure system. In the space below each diagram, indicate if it represents a
system in the Northern or Southern hemisphere.
Table 5.3: Surface Pressure Systems
Questions
Diagram A
Diagram B
Diagram C
Diagram D
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Answer Sheet page 4
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
High or Low
Pressure?
Northern or Southern
Hemisphere?
Southern
hemisphere
Southern
hemisphere
Northern
hemisphere
Northern
hemisphere
10.
On Figure 5.8, label the center of the high with an “H” and the center of the low with an
“L.
Then draw arrows showing the direction of air movement within each of the
pressure areas, and then draw a single arrow showing the direction of the surface air
movement between these two pressure areas. Assume they are in the Northern
Hemisphere.
Figure 5.8: Pressure Gradient, Coriolis Effect, and Friction in the Northern Hemisphere.
2
11.
Refer to Figure 5.9.
a.
What is the range of latitudes for the tropical latitudinal zone?
23.5 degrees N to 23.5 degrees S
b.
In the northern hemisphere, what is the range of latitudes for the subtropical
latitudinal zone?
23.5 degrees N to 35 degrees N
c.
In the northern hemisphere, what is the range of latitudes for the midlatitude
latitudinal zone?
35 degrees N to 55 degrees N
2
Figure by Scott Crosier is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Answer Sheet page 5
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
d.
In the northern hemisphere, what is the range of latitudes for the subarctic
latitudinal zone?
55 degrees N to 66.5 degrees N
e.
In the northern hemisphere, what is the range of latitudes for the arctic
latitudinal zone?
66.5 degrees N to 90 degrees N
12.
Based on what you know about the global circulation model, complete Table 5.4. You
may need to refer to your lecture notes or your textbook, or watch the Guided Practice
video.
Table 5.4: Four Hemispheric Pressure Areas
Name
Pressure
(High or Low)
Thermal or
Dynamic
Latitude
General Air Temp
(Hot, Warm, Cool or, Cold)
Air Moisture
(Humid or Dry)
Polar
High
Thermal
90
degrees
N/S
Cold
Dry
Subpolar
Low
Dynamic
60
degrees
N/S
Cool
Moist
Subtropical
High
Dynamic
30
degrees
N/S
Warm
Dry
Equatorial
Low
Thermal
0
degrees
Hot
Moist
13.
Using the simplified drawing of the Earth below (Figure 5.10), use arrows along the
outside edge of the globe to diagram the vertical movement of air within pressure
systems (rising off or subsiding down to the surface) as well as the movement of wind
between the global pressure systems.
Answer Sheet page 6
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
Figure 5.10: Global Pressure Systems.
3
14.
Which of the four hemispheric pressure areas do you see offshore in the Pacific Ocean
near California on the July map?
Subtropical N
15.
On the January map, which of the four hemispheric pressure areas is located near the
Aleutian Islands?
Equatorial or Subtropical S
16.
Across the corresponding latitudes on Figure 5.11 below, add several large H’s for high
pressure systems and several L’s for low pressure systems. These will correspond with
the global pressure systems you identified in Figure 5.10, above.
3
Figure by Scott Crosier is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Answer Sheet page 7
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
Figure 5.11: Prevailing Winds Across the Earth.
4
17.
Based on the three main factors of primary circulation (pressure gradient, Coriolis
effect, and friction) draw arrows corresponding with the movement of air between the
pressure systems on Figure 5.11.
18.
Label Figure 5.11 with the following prevailing winds:
a.
Northeast Trade Winds (found in the tropical region of the northern hemisphere)
b.
Southeast Trade Winds (found in the tropical region of the southern hemisphere)
c.
Prevailing Westerlies (found in the midlatitudes of both northern and southern
hemisphere)
d.
Polar Easterlies (found in the Arctic and Antarctic latitudinal zones)
19.
Refer to Figure 5.12.
4
Figure by Scott Crosier is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Answer Sheet page 8
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
a.
Apply What You Learned: Why do you think that the ITCZ shifts to the north in
July and shifts to the south in January? Hint: consider the Annual March of the
Seasons and where higher levels of insolation would cause air to warm and rise.
Explain your response in one to two sentences.
I think the ITCZ shifts to the north in July and to the south in January because its position
follows after the Sun
’s direction.
b.
Use Your Critical Thinking Skills: How does the shifting ITCZ affect the prevailing
winds? Explain your response in one to two sentences.
The shifting ITCZ affects the prevailing winds because of continuously crossing the equatorial
zone.
20.
Using the data provided on the July global air pressure and temperature maps
(Appendix 5.1 and 5.2, respectively) record the needed data in Table 5.5. Note that you
are collecting temperature and pressure along 140°W, from the north to the south. (A
few of the data values have been provided). Your professor may require you to use
Google Earth to access these maps. The instructions on how to do this are available in
Appendix 5.5.
Table 5.5: July Temperature and Pressure Along 140°W
Coordinates
July Temp (°C)
July Pressure
80°N, 140°W
~ 0
~ 1011
60°N, 140°W
~ 6
~ 1014
40°N, 140°W
~ 16
~ 1024
20°N, 140°W
0°N, 140°W
20°S, 140°W
40°S, 140°W
60°S, 140°W
80°S, 140°W
21.
Plot the pressure and temperature trends along 140˚ W longitude on the graph provided
below (Figure 5.13). Use a green pencil to plot air pressure values using the left-hand
vertical axis and then draw a green line connecting the points. Then use a red pencil to
plot temperature values using the right-hand vertical axis on each graph and then draw
a red line connecting the points.
Answer Sheet page 9
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
Figure 5.13: Air Pressure and Temperature Along 140°W.
5
22.
In two to three sentences, describe the overall pattern of temperature when looking
from pole to pole.
23.
What overall pattern do you observe with air pressure? Describe the pattern in one to
two sentences.
24.
You will find two latitudes with slightly higher pressure than the surrounding latitudes.
What global pressure systems do these represent?
25.
On the map, you will find significantly high pressure over Antarctica. What global
pressure system does this represent?
26.
Using the data provided on the January global air pressure and temperature maps
(Appendix 5.3 and 5.4, respectively) record the needed data in Table 5.6. Note that you
are now collecting temperature and pressure along 60°N, from the western hemisphere,
across the globe to the eastern hemisphere. (A few of the data values have been
provided). Your professor may require you to use Google Earth to access these maps.
The instructions on how to do this are available in Appendix 5.5.
Table 5.6: January Temperature and Pressure Along 60°N
5
Figure by Scott Crosier is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Answer Sheet page 10
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
Coordinates
Jan Temp (°C)
Jan Pressure
Land or Sea?
60°N, 160°W
~ -13
~ 1001
Land
60°N, 140°W
~ -14
~ 1006
Land
60°N, 120°W
~ -22
~ 1016
Land
60°N, 100°W
~ -27
~ 1015
Land
60°N, 80°W
~ -25
~ 1006
Sea
60°N, 60°W
60°N, 40°W
60°N, 20°W
60°N, 0°
60°N, 20°E
60°N, 40°E
60°N, 60°E
60°N, 80°E
60°N, 100°E
60°N, 120°E
60°N, 140°E
60°N, 160°E
60°N, 180°E
27.
Plot the pressure and temperature trends along 60°N latitude on the graph provided in
Figure 5.14. Use a green pencil to plot air pressure values using the left-hand vertical
axis and then draw a green line connecting the points. Then use a red pencil to plot
temperature values using the right-hand vertical axis on each graph and then draw a red
line connecting the points.
Answer Sheet page 11
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
Figure 5.14: January Temperature and Pressure Along 60°N.
6
28.
In one to two sentences, describe the overall pattern of the temperature along 60°N
latitude.
29.
Use Your Critical Thinking Skills: You will note some significant patterns regarding land
masses and temperature. What relationship does your data suggest between land
versus water and temperature in the northern hemisphere winter? Explain why in one
to two sentences.
30.
What is the general relationship you observe between global air pressure and
temperature values? Explain this relationship in one to two sentences.
31.
Which general locations would have the strongest winds in January?
32.
Which general locations would have the strongest winds in July?
33.
In the diagrams below (Figure 5.15), draw lines indicating the movement of air in the
coastal areas. Label either an H (high) or L (low) above the land and water in both
diagrams. Also label each diagram as either onshore breezes or offshore breezes.
6
Figure by Scott Crosier is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Answer Sheet page 12
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
Figure 5.15: Diurnal Cycles of Onshore and Offshore Breezes.
7
34.
Apply What You Learned: Imagine you are standing on Stern’s Wharf in Santa Barbara,
CA (34.41°N, 119.68°W) on a July afternoon. Would you expect the wind to be blowing
towards the land or towards the ocean? Explain your answer in one to two sentences.
I would expect the wind to be blowing towards the land because during the day, warmer
overlying air is being drawn in, coming from the ocean.
35.
Apply What You Learned: Now imagine that you are camping on Angel Island State Park,
in San Francisco Bay (37.87° N, 122.43° W). You wake up just before sunrise. Would you
expect the wind to be blowing towards the Golden Gate Bridge (towards the ocean) or
towards Richmond and the rest of California? Explain your response in one to two
sentences.
36.
In the diagrams below (Figure 5.16), draw lines indicating the movement of air in the
mountain and valley areas. Label each diagram as either valley breezes or mountain
breezes.
Figure 5.16: Diurnal Cycles of Mountain/Valley Breezes.
8
37.
Use Your Critical Thinking Skills: If there were a forest fire burning on the slope of the
hill, what impacts might a mountain/valley breeze have on the fire? In two to three
sentences, discuss the conditions during daytime and night time.
7
Figure by Scott Crosier is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
8
Figure by Scott Crosier is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Answer Sheet page 13
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
During daytime, a valley breeze might cause the fire to expand quickly, rising warmer air/heat
up the slope of the hill. During nighttime, a mountain breeze might cause the fire to cool
more quickly, lowering the fire down the slope of the hill.
38.
On the map provided in Figure 5.18, draw lines indicating the flow of wind in the
diagrammed Santa Ana conditions. Note: the winds will be more likely to move through
passes and canyons.
Figure 5.18: Conditions Present for Santa Ana Winds.
9
39.
Based on the map provided in Figure 5.18, what natural areas (forests, grasslands, etc.)
are most susceptible to Santa Ana winds in California? Your response should be two to
three sentences in length.
40.
One hundred centimeters is approximately 39 inches. Search the Internet to find the
annual precipitation for your location. How does the monsoonal precipitation from June
1 to July 20, 2020 shown in the darkest red color on Figure 5.20 compare to the annual
precipitation at your location?
41.
Apply What You Learned: How would increasing Indian Ocean temperatures influence
the monsoons affecting South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia? Explain your response
in one to two sentences.
9
Figure by Scott Crosier is licensed under
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Answer Sheet page 14
|
Lab 5: Atmospheric Pressure and Wind
Figure 5.21: Map of Precipitation from June 1 to July 20, 2020.
10
42.
Draw and label the January and July positions of the ITCZ on Figure 5.21. Tip: refer to
Figure 5.12 (shown earlier in the lab). Use a red pencil for the July ITCZ line and label.
Use a blue pencil for the January ITCZ line and label. Use a blue pencil for the January
ITCZ line and label. Use a red pencil for the July ITCZ line and label.
43.
Draw four arrows across the map that show the direction of the winds. Use a blue pencil
for the winds in January and a red pencil for the winds in July.
44.
Apply What You Learned: How does the shifting ITCZ influence the monsoons? Explain
your response in one to two sentences.
Ask your professor which wrap-up questions you should complete.
10
Figure
by NASA’s Earth Observatory is in the public domain